WORLD NEWS: No. 54 April - May 2002
THE
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Note from the
President
FIPLV
News
Kognition und
interkulturelle Kompetenz
Congress Calendar
Forum on
Controversial Issues
News and
Views
Books and
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NOTE FROM THE PRESIDENT
FIPLV PROGRESS IN THE CURRENT TRIENNIUM 1.
Introduction As we approach the mid-point of the current triennium,
it is appropriate to do a stocktake on progress towards objectives of the
FIPLV Strategic Plan and report on some of our priorities and
activities. 2. Priorities 2.1. Regionalisation While the
FIPLV Region in Western Europe (WER) is facing some changes of personnel
this year, this Region has been very active in publishing documents born
at FIPLV 2000 and later. The Central European Region (CER) hosted a very
successful Regional Conference in Poznan (Poland) last year and is
organising another regional event to take place in Prague (Czech Republic)
in February of next year. The FIPLV Nordic-Baltic Region (NBR) is
organising a Seminar to take place in Tallinn (Estonia) on June 26-29
2002. 2.2. Linguistic Pluralism and Multilingual Education With the
formation of the Advisory Committee for Linguistic Pluralism and
Multilingual Education, and the disappearance of the Languages Division at
UNESCO, the former categories of Linguapax, Language Rights and Tolerance
are now subsumed under a new heading. Linguapax, however, continues to be
a priority through the auspices of the Linguapax Centre at the UNESCO
Centre of Catalunya and the UNESCO Chair at the University of
Mons-Hainault in Belgium, among others. The Linguapax Centre in Barcelona
(Catalonia) has just organised an excellent World Congress on Language
Policies, in which FIPLV was involved on the Scientific Committee and by
facilitating one workshop theme through the FIPLV President. A separate
report is forthcoming, as the Proceedings are placed on the Web. Led by
the UNESCO Etxea Centre in Bilbao, the penultimate draft of the World
Languages Report is to appear in the coming weeks. The FIPLV President is
also involved in this Project. Contrary to earlier information, the
Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights is alive and well, as steps are
taken to further the recommendation that UNESCO articulate a global policy
on the topic. A significant stage of this process was a summit meeting in
Barcelona on April 17, where representatives of UNESCO, International PEN,
CIEMEN and FIPLV were present, among others. Further information and
advice on action are awaited. 2.3. Solidarity The FIPLV President
met recently in Barcelona with Dr. Adama Samassekou, President of the
African Academy of Languages, to discuss ways in which FIPLV member
associations can assist language teachers and associations in Africa.
While other plans are also in train, the forthcoming Seminar in Tallinn
(Estonia) will include teachers from countries along the southern Baltic
coast, facilitated by FIPLV funding for regionalisation.
2.4. Promotion of All Languages and Collaboration of Teachers of
Languages The FIPLV Executive and World Council members lose no
opportunity to promote collaboration and the teaching of languages. Past
and future activities identified above and below provide ample potential,
reflecting this philosophy and priority of all FIPLV member
associations. 2.5. Publications FIPLV World News continues to appear
regularly, thanks to the efforts of Teresa Siek-Piskozub and contributors.
In addition to forthcoming publications of the FIPLV Region of Western
Europe (WER), the FIPLV President has reviewed David Crystal's Language
Death - a review which has appeared in at least fourteen publications in
ten countries - while co-editing (with David Ingram) the Proceedings of
the UNESCO International Conference in Melbourne (Australia) of 2001.
Members of the FIPLV Executive have also published extensively in journals
and on the Web in the last eighteen months, with details appearing
annually in the FIPLV Report to UNESCO and individual reports. 3.
Advocacy and Representation 3.1. Representation Members of the
FIPLV Executive, World Council and Honorary FIPLV Counselors have been
extremely active in advocating on behalf of and representing FIPLV at a
plethora of events, activities and conferences in a range of countries
which include (among others): Australia, Estonia, France, Germany, Poland,
Russia, South Africa, Spain and the UK. 3.2. FIPLV Website Under the
direction of Tuula Penttilä, our Webmaster - Terry Atkinson - continues to
update and improve the FIPLV Website admirably. 4.
Projects FIPLV continues work on projects of international
significance. 4.1. The Future of the Profession The FIPLV Discussion
Paper has been completed (for the moment) and is available on the FIPLV
Website (www.fiplv.org). At the same time, the FIPLV President has
included elements of this in recent presentations and articles, and will
continue to do so in future presentations at NZALT 2002 in Napier (New
Zealand) and FIPLV 2003 in Auckland Park (South Africa). 4.2. The Role
of Associations in the Professional Development of Teachers Eynar
Leupold has taken over this Project and has completed a synopsis and
report of the survey results. Further action on the Project is anticipated
in the near future. 5. Future Activities 5.1.
Membership New members include MAPRYAL (Russian), ILEI (Esperanto) and
LALT (Latvia). While welcoming them to FIPLV, we emphasise our
appreciation of the continuing support of all member associations. We are
also approaching other organisations to propose collaboration and/or
membership. In this area, we have commenced dialogue with ACTFL (USA),
AATSP (USA) and IALIC (International Association for Languages and
Intercultural Communication). Other international unilingual
associations/federations for Japanese (STJFL) and Spanish (ASELE) have
been identified and will be contacted shortly. At the same time,
discussions continue on the formation and/or identity of similar
associations for teachers of Arabic, Chinese, Polish and Turkish.
Regarding national multilingual associations, we would appreciate learning
of these so that we can establish contact. If you can assist, please
contact me. 5.2. Expansion in New Areas While Africa is a clear
focus, FIPLV is keen to attract new members from Asia, Central/Eastern
Europe and Latin America, among other areas of the globe. 5.3. FIPLV
World Congresses FIPLV 2003 will now take place on July 2-6 2003 in
Auckland Park, hosted by SAALT (South Africa) and organised by Anna
Coetzee, member of the FIPLV World Council. Further publicity and "Call
for Papers" is imminent, as the organisers have accepted a very short
timeline in which to organise the event, after the previous offer fell
through. We would hope to see many of you there and request that you
publicise this XXIst FIPLV World Congress as extensively as possible.
FIPLV 2006 could take place in Canada as CASLT (Canada) was the only FIPLV
member association to express interest by the deadline. If this offer is
not confirmed, a later offer - the only one - has come from RALMLT
(Russia). 6. Communication and Cooperation It is a
challenging agenda, identifying priorities recognised by members of the
FIPLV World Assembly, while addressing initiatives expressed by member
associations. We are also better equipped to address these priorities and
undertake new activities, now that the FIPLV finances have been
stabilised, thanks to the efforts of Dieter Herold and others. To
further these objectives, we need your support, ideas and collaboration.
We are willing to assist, so invite your suggestions and input. In so
doing, you can assist us in taking FIPLV further into the third
millennium, underwriting and enhancing the teaching of languages
world-wide. We thank you for your continued support, input and
collaboration over the recent eighteen months and take this opportunity to
wish you every success and happiness for the future. Denis
Cunningham President, FIPLV - on behalf of the FIPLV Executive djc@netspace.net.au
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FIPLV News
FIPLV's discussion forum
A discussion forum has been opened on FIPLV's homepage. You are welcome
to discuss any topic related to languages in this forum. Denis Cunningham
has written a paper on the future of our profession which can be found on
the homepage. Please, do come and join us in the forum. Tuula Penttilä,
Vice-President, FIPLV
From the Regions
Nordic-Baltic Region, FIPLV Nordic-Baltic Region is finally
organising a joint event for Nordic and Baltic foreign language teachers.
There will be a seminar in Tallinn, Estonia in June 26-29, 2002. SUKOL has
agreed to take care of the practical arrangements of the seminar on behalf
of the other Nordic countries. There have been many attempts in recent
years to make contacts with the Baltic teachers. The FIPLV Vice-President
Tuula Penttilä and the Nordic-Baltic officers have tried to encourage the
Baltic countries to establish national multilingual associations. LALT now
exists in Latvia [see below: TSP], but Estonia and Lithuania still only
have separate unilingual associations. It is hoped that the seminar will
assist in making the co-operation in the Region more efficient. The
preliminary programme of the seminar includes introductory plenary and
workshops as well as lectures. Among the themes are: · Common European
Framework · European Language Portfolio · Assessment and
Evaluation · ICT and Learner Autonomy, and more.
Päivi Koivistoinen-Toivonen, Organising Secretary, SUKOL On behalf of
the Organizing Committee of the NBR Tallinn Seminar 2002.
Introducing new FIPLV Members
ILEI Internacia Ligo de esperantistaj instruistoj (ILEI) is
an international association of teachers of Esperanto. The President of
ILEI is Mauro la Torre, Dipartimento de Scienze dell'Educazione,
Universita Toma Tre, Via Castro Pretorio, 20 IT-00185, Rome, Italy;
Vice-president: Stefan MacGill, Bethlen Gabor u.2, HU-2030 Erd, Hungary;
Hon.Secretary: Ms. Agneta Emanuelsson, Carl Ugglas v6, SE-641 37,
Katrineholm, Sweden, Tel. +46 15052387 & +46 708152387; and
Hon.Treasurer: Ms. Boomee Kim-Lindblom, Stenbockensgata 102, SE-136 62,
Haninge. Tel/fakso +46 8 777 4175. ILEI organises annual conferences,
the last ILEI-Konferenco took place in Lovran, Croatia, Jul. 28 - Aug.3,
2001 with 57 participants from 20 countries. The program consisted of
discussions on the future of the project 'Interkulturo' (see website of
Virtual School "Tibor Sekelj" http://lps.uniroma3.it/kler );
draft regulations for future teacher-training examination UEA/ILEI;
Cseh-method teacher training course; discussions about Esperanto in
universitites. ILEI publishes Internacia Pedagogia Revuo, a quarterly
magazine of the association and Juna Amiko, a colourful quarterly magazine
for beginners, celebrating its 100th edition in 2002. Trends of
relevance to members of ILEI are: · New international regulations for
teacher-training; · Esperanto courses and discussion groups widespread
on the Internet; · Use of a new website for teachers and learners: http://www.edukado.net/ .
For more information contact: ILEI- Internacia Ligo de Esperantistaj
Instruistoj (International league of Esperanto Teachers) Hon Sec. Ms.
Agneta Emanuelsson, Carl Ugglas v6, SE-641 37 Katrineholm, Sweden. Tel+46
150 52387 & +46 708152387 (messages) agneta.emanuelsson@liberal.se
; http://lps.uniroma3.it/ilei;
boomee.kimlindblom@swipnet.se
LALT
LALT is a Latvian Association of Language Teachers with the President:
Diana Rumpite dianar@rsf.rtu.lv and
representatives for languages: · English: Silvija Andernovics, Latvian
Association of Teachers of English (LATE) late@acad.latnet.lv · French:
Olga Ozolina, Latvian Association of Teachers of French (LFPA) olgozoli@lanet.lv · Latvian
language and literature: Anda Tora, Association of Teachers of the Latvian
Language and Literature (LVLSA) andatora@hotmail.com · Latvian
language as a second language: Ligita Grigule, Association of Teachers of
the Latvian Language as a Second Language (LVSA) lgrigule@izm.lv · Russian language
and literature: Tatjana Liguta, Latvian Association of the Teachers of the
Russian Language and Literature (LKVLPA) liguta@lanet.lv LALT has been
working for 6 months since its foundation on 25 September, 2001. The
member associations have shared experience, worked out a common strategy,
discussed the priorities. It has prepared the required package of
documents to be granted a permit from the Ministry of Finance to receive
donations as well as worked out the content of new seminars for all
language teachers for the official approval from the Ministry of Education
and Science. Creativity is one of the priorities of the versatile
methodological work of the member associations. During the international
conference of the Association of Teachers of English (LATE) (16-18 August,
2002) there will be an exhibition of creative work of teachers of
different languages - textbooks, methodological materials as well as of
students - projects, essays, poems, etc. In-service seminars have been
held by the member associations. Thus about 1,000 teachers have attended
more than 40 seminars in English in the capital Riga and regional centres,
organized by LATE. Its resource centre currently has about 6,000
volumes. Local language competitions are organized regularly. The
Russian pupils from Latvia were also the winners of the international
competition in the Russian language and literature of the CIS and the
Baltic States. The concern of LALT is to voice the opinions of their
members to organisations involved in language instruction. Also to provide
quality in-service seminars that may help the requalification of teachers,
especially for Young Learners. Member associations of LALT publish their
own Newsletters.
For more information contact: LALT , 11 Novembra
Krastmala 29, Riga LV 1050, Latvia; Phone +371 9459164; Fax +371 7821073;
E-mail: lvasa@latnet.lv
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Kognition und interkulturelle
Kompetenz
Kazimiera Myczko
1. Vorbemerkung Das mobile Bild der heutigen Gesellschaften,
die sich ständig entwickelnden politischen und wirtschaftlichen
Beziehungen in Europa und in der ganzen Welt erfordern eine Kommunikation
zwischen den Kulturen. In diesem Zusammenhang kommt das interkulturelle
Lernen den Anforderungen der Zeit entgegen. Auch im
Fremdsprachenunterricht wurde das seit den 1970er Jahren formulierte Ziel
der kommunikativen Kompetenz, das programmatisch grundsätzlich pragmatisch
ausgelegt wurde, seit Ende der 80er Jahre um ein sehr wichtiges Element,
die interkulturelle Komponente, erweitert. Man erklärte nicht selten die
interkulturelle Kompetenz zum Ziel und sprach in diesem Zusammenhang von
einem Paradigmawechsel.
2. Relation zwischen den wichtigen Begriffen des interkulturellen
Ansatzes In den Beiträgen, die Probleme des interkulturellen
Ansatzes aufzuarbeiten versuchen, werden Schlüsselbegriffe wie
interkulturelles Lernen und interkulturelle Kompetenz sowie die Relationen
zur Landeskunde nicht immer einheitlich ausgelegt. Deswegen soll kurz auf
die Auslegung dieser Begriffe eingegangen werden, um sie für die
nachfolgenden Ausführungen zu bestimmen. Der Begriff des
interkulturellen Lernens wurde in Deutschland in ein breites pädagogisches
Konzept eingebaut, das die Probleme der multikulturellen Schule zu
bewältigen versucht. In Hinsicht auf den Fremdsprachenunterricht verdient
die Deutung des Begriffes von House (1994:85) besondere Aufmerksamkeit.
Sie faßt das interkulturelle Lernen als einen Prozeß auf, "in dem Wissen,
Fertigkeiten und Erfahrungen erworben, Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen
beeinflußt und verändert werden können, und ein Sich- Bewußtwerden über
die eigene und fremde Sprache und Kultur erfolgt". In diesem Zusammenhang
spricht auch Krumm (1994:117) von der Entwicklung "von
Wahrnehmungsfähigkeit, die auch die Auseinandersetzung mit uns selbst
einschließt." Der Begriff der interkulturellen Kompetenz erweitert die
Zielsetzung des gegenwärtigen Fremdsprachenunterrichts und ist als eine
sehr wichtige Komponente des Oberbegriffes der kommunikativen Kompetenz zu
verstehen. Entsprechend wird hier die Auffassung von Edmondson (1994:51)
geteilt, der kulturelle bzw. interkulturelle Einsichten dann als relevant
anerkennt, "wenn das Verstehen bzw. das Erlernen der Zielsprache dadurch
gefördert wird." In diesem
Zusammenhang möchten wir auf den von Pfeiffer (2001:148) geprägten Begriff
der interkulturellen kommunikativen Kompetenz hinweisen, der die
Wichtigeit der interkulturellen Komponente zum Ausdruck bringt und dadurch
die heutige Lernzielbeschreibung sehr treffend abdeckt. Der
interkulturelle Ansatz erweitert die programmatische Perspektive der
traditionellen Landeskunde, die auf die Zielsprache gerichtet war und ist
durch ein kulturkomparatives Vorgehen gekennzeichnet. Dieses Vorgehen
strebt die Sensibilisierung für eigene und fremde Kultur sowie die
Entwicklung von Fähigkeiten und Strategien im Umgang mit fremden Kulturen
an.
3. Kognition als eine Voraussetzung der interkulturellen
Kompetenz Die Kommunikationsfähigkeit wird von Knapp/Knapp-Potthoff
(1990:83) als ein "Komplex von analytisch-strategischen Fähigkeiten, die
das Interpretations- und Handlungsspektrum des betreffenden Individuums in
interpersonaler Interaktion mit Mitgliedern anderer Kulturen erweitern"
aufgefaßt. Die interkulturelle Kompetenz ist demzufolge auf individuelle
Erfahrungen und Erlebnisse zurückzuführen. Sie gehört in den Bereich der
individuellen Erwerbsprozesse und setzt soziales, kognitives und
affektives Lernen voraus. Die kognitive Dimension, die manchmal von den
Verfechtern des interkulturellen Ansatzes zugunsten der emotionalen
Dimension (u.a. des Abbaus von Ethnozentismus) als Gegenstand der
Reflexion aufgegeben wird, verdient dabei u. E. besondere
Aufmerksamkeit. Die Überlegungen im Bereich des interkulturellen
Lernens sind demzufolge von übergeordneten Überlegungen der cognitive
science nicht zu isolieren. Interkulturelle Kompetenz ist als ein Bündel
von Strategien aufzufassen, die den Umgang mit dem Fremden bestimmen. Die
Strategien können aber nicht im luftleeren Raum entwickelt werden. Ihnen
liegen die ganz konkrete Akte der Sprach-und Kulturverarbeitung zugrunde.
"Der interkulturelle Anspruch verpflichtet (...) zur Förderung
kulturübergreifender Vergleiche und zur Vermittlung entsprechenden
kognitiven Wissens(...)Es sollten nicht nur Kenntnisse über die Realität,
sondern auch Fähigkeiten zur selbständigen Reflexion und zur Veränderung
des eigenen Wissens herausgebildet werden" (Zawadzka 1997:15f.). Es
handelt sich hier also um die Aneignung von Strategien des "verstehenden
Eindringens in die fremde Wirklichkeit und des Umgangs mit
fremdkulturellem Verhalten sowie um die Erweiterung der
Verhaltensmöglichkeiten der Lerner gegenüber Angehörigen fremder Kulturen
über die Grenzen der eigenen Kultur hinaus" (Solmecke 1994: 166). Die
Erziehung zur interkulturellen Kommunikation steht somit auch im engen
Zusammenhang mit der Umorientierung des Lernens vom Produkt zum Prozeß. Es
handelt sich also um ein prozeßorientiertes Lernen, in dem der Lerner und
die Prozesse, die in ihm zustande kommen, im Mittelpunkt
stehen. Bekanntlich wird der Lerner nach der kognitiven Konzeption als
informationsverarbeitendes System aufgefaßt. Die eingehenden visuellen und
auditiven Stimuli werden in kognitive Strukturen umgesetzt und in das
vorhandene Wissen integriert. Dies bedeutet, daß das Verarbeiten von
Informationen ein interaktiver Prozeß ist, in dem das vorhandene Wissen
herangezogen wird, um das Neue zu verstehen. Andererseits modifiziert und
erweitert das Neue die bereits vorhandenen Konzepte und Wissensschemata.
Bezogen auf den Fremdsprachenunterricht ergeben sich im Zusammenhang mit
dem hier interessierenden Problem gewisse Modifikationen im Vergleich zur
muttersprachlichen Verarbeitung, die aus dem unterschiedlichen kulturellen
Hintergrund folgen und die zugleich als Ursachen für gewisse
Mißverständnisse sowie bestimmte Haltungen gelten können.
Bekanntlich ist die Vermittlung von Informationen im
Kommunikationsprozeß nie vollständig und eindeutig. Das nicht Gesagte,
aber durchaus Gemeinte soll nach der Annahme des Produzenten vom
Rezipienten auf der Grundlage des gemeinsamen Wissens inferiert werden.
Die für das Verstehen fremdsprachlicher Texte zu bildenden Inferenzen,
werden durch kontextuelle Faktoren vor allem durch das eigenkulturelle
Wissen wesentlich beeinflußt (Rickheit/Strohner 1990:532). "Der kulturelle
Kontext mit seinen äußerst subtilen kommunikativen Konventionen ist ein
wichtiger Bedingungsfaktor des gesamten Sprachverstehens und der
Inferenzbildung" (Rickheit/Strohner 1990:541). In diesem Zusammenhang ist
auf das oft in der Fachliteratur genannte Experiment von Steffenson,
Joag-Dew und Anderson (1979) hinzuweisen, das u.a.
belegt, wie stark das Verständnis der Kultur, aus der ein Text stammt, das
Verstehen des Textes beeinflußt . Auch
Weber (1990:556) unterstreicht, daß Texte "an eingewurzelte Vorstellungen
und Urteilsweisen angeschlossen werden. Dazu zählen bei fremdsprachigen
Texten z.B. die aus verschiedensten Quellen gespeisten mentalen Bilder vom
anderen Land". In Anlehnung an Neisser betont Weber weiter, daß
Wahrnehmende (...) nur das auf[nehmen], "wofür sie ein Schema haben, und
(...)den Rest wohl oder übel[ignorieren]". Die Begegnung mit der
fremden Kultur gehört bereits oft zum Alltag; nicht immer aber besteht das
Bedürfnis, sich mit ihr auseinanderzusetzen. Die Voraussetzung für die
Entwicklung der interkulturellen Kompetenz ist der Wunsch, sich mit ihr
bewußt auseinanderzusetzen, um falsche Handlungen zu vermeiden (Funke
1990:584). Im Fremdsprachenunterricht erfährt der Lerner die fremde
Kultur nicht unmittelbar, sondern nur mittelbar mit Hilfe von Bildern,
auditiven und schriftlichen Texten. Der Lernende macht zwar seine
Erfahrungen mit der fremden Kultur, " aber nur mit Repräsentationen der
fremden Kultur in der Form von Berichten, Bildern, Erzählungen und anderen
Darstellungen, in der er die fremde Kultur also nur indirekt durch
Vermittler dargestellt erfährt" (Funke 1990:859). Die notwendige Auswahl
in diesem Bereich "trägt erheblich zu simplifizierenden Vorstellungen von
der Zielkultur bei" (Krumm 1994:119). Auf eine der wichtigsten Aufgaben,
die in diesem Zusammenhang entstehen geht Krumm (1994:121) ein. Er betont,
daß es im interkulturellen Ansatz darum geht, "unser Verständnis von
Kommunikationsfähigkeit als einer universalen Sprachfähigkeit zu
revidieren".
4. Unterrichtsmethodisches Vorgehen Der Erziehung zur
interkulturellen Kommunikation liegt, wie bereits hervorgehoben, eine
bewußte Auseinandersetzung mit den Inhalten, die auf kulturbedingtes
Umfeld bezogen sind, zugrunde. Auf diesem Wege werden also Lerner "für die
potenziell kommunikationsbeeinträchtigende interkulturelle
Unterschiedlichkeit von Alltagswissen sensibilisiert"(Tönshoff 1997:204).
Der Verfasser fügt hinzu, daß der auf diesem Wege "explizit" erarbeiteten
Landeskunde kognitivierende Vermittlungsverfahren zugrunde liegen . An dieser
Stelle ist das taxonomische Modell kognitiver Handlungsebenen von Bloom
(1976) zu erwähnen. In bezug auf die Ebenen der Sprachrezeption werden von
ihm folgende Strategieebenen genannt: Evaluation, Analyse, Verstehen,
Wiedererkennen. "Dem taxonomischen Inklusinsprinzip zufolge schließt
jede Ebene die jeweils unteren ein. Das Hierarchisierungskriterium der zur
jeweils höheren Ebene hin zunehmenden Bewußtheit begründet im Prinzip ein
Kontinuum." (Wendt 1997:81). Die Strategieebene Wiedererkennen
bezieht sich auf das Wissen des Lerners, das als Grundlage für jegliche
Form sprachlichen Handelns sowie als Resultat dieses Handelns aufzufassen
ist. In diesem Zusammenhang ist auf die Entwicklung des von Krumm
(1994:122) betonten systematischen Wahrnehmungstrainings hinzuweisen.
Dieses Training soll dem Verfasser nach "kulturgebundene Deutungsmuster in
der Sprache" aufsuchen "und Prozesse des Selbst- und Fremdverstehens in
den Mittelpunkt" rücken. Den Ausgangspunkt für die didaktische Arbeit
kann z. B. die Wahl eines für die Lerner relevanten,
sprachlich-kulturellen Phänomens bilden. Dieses
Phänomen wird im ersten Schritt durch das individuell geprägte Wissen
gedeutet. Dieser Schritt gilt dann als Anlaß für die Erweiterung der
Eigenperspektive, durch die Aushandlung der Bedeutung im Rahmen der
Gruppenarbeit und notfalls über den Klassenraum hinaus. Diese vertiefte
Reflexion, die zur Bewußtmachung und Bestimmung der Eigenperspektive
beträgt, kann erst die Grundlage für die Auseinandersetzung mit
fremdkulturellen Zugängen bieten. Das unterrichtsmethodische Vorgehen
beruht also auf der bewußten Reflexion dessen, was dem Lerner (nicht
immer) bereits bewußt zur Verfügung steht, und dem Übergang zu dem Neuen.
Hierbei werden also komplexe kognitive Handlungsstrukturen Verstehen und
Analyse, unterstützt vom Wiedererkennen, aktiviert, die die subjektive
Füllung des Phänomens in bezug auf die Ausgangskultur anstreben,
andererseits aber auch Zugänge zur subjektiven Füllung des Phänomens in
der Zielsprache sichern können. Die fremdkulturelle Füllung des Phänomens
darf offensichtlich nicht nur eine Perspektive einschließen. Notwendig
erscheint hier eine mehrperspektivische Aufarbeitung des gewählten
Phänomens aufgrund verschiedener Texte und im Idealfall auch der eigenen
Erfahrung des Lerners mit der fremdkulturellen Wirklichkeit . Die
kognitivierenden Vorgehen bilden also die Grundlage für ein evaluierendes,
schlußfolgerndes Vorgehen, das bestimmte Rückschlüsse für das eigene
Verhalten zur Folge hat.
5. Abschließende Bemerkungen Zusammenfassend ist zu betonen,
daß die Entwicklung der interkulturellen Kompetenz in einem recht großen
Umfang das kognitive Verarbeitungsvermögen des Lerners aktiviert. Die
Konzentration lag in diesem Beitrag grundsätzlich auf ausgewählten
Problemen der Sprachverarbeitung, die die Voraussetzung für das Handeln in
der Sprache darstellt. Es handelt sich dabei offensichtlich nicht um
Wissensvermittlung und Faktenvermittlung, sondern vielmehr um eine
mehrperspektivische Wahrnehmung, die punktuelle Zugänge zur subjektiven
Füllung der Begriffe in der Zielsprache sichern kann. Diesem Vorgang
liegen konkrete Verarbeitungsstrategien zugrunde, die sich in der Haltung
der fremden und der eigenen Kultur gegenüber auswirken.
Bibliographie: ABCD-Thesen zur Rolle der Landeskunde im
Deutschunterricht. (1990) In: Fremdsprache Deutsch 3, 60-61 Bloom, B.S.
et al. (1976): Taxonomie von Lerzielen im kognitiven Bereich.
Weinheim/Basel: Beltz Edmondson, W. (1994): Was trägt das Adjektiv
"interkulturell" zu unserem Verständnis vom Lernen im
Fremdsprachenunterricht bei? In: K.-R. Bausch (Hrsg.): Interkulturelles
Lernen im Fremdsprachenunterricht. Tübingen: Narr Verlag,
48-55 Erdmenger, M. (1996): Landeskunde im Fremdsprachenunterricht.
Ismaning: Hueber Verlag Funke, P. (1990): Das Verstehen einer fremden
Kultur als Kommunikationsprozeß. In: Die neueren Sprachen 6,
584-596 Freudenstein, R. (1994): Alles interkulturell - oder was? In:
K.-R. Bausch (Hrsg): Interkulturelles Lernen, 56-62 House, J. (1994):
Kontrastive Pragmatik und interkulturelles Lernen: vom metapragmatischem
Wissen zu kommunikativem Handeln. In: K.-R. Bausch (Hrsg.):
Interkulturelles Lernen, 85-93 Karolak, Cz. (1999): Dydaktuka
literatury wobec potrzeb nauki jezyka w warunkach obcokulturowych. Poznan:
Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM Knapp, K./Knapp-Potthoff, A. (1990):
Interkulturelle Kommunikation. In: Zeitschrift für Fremdsprachenforschung
1, 62-93 Königs, F.G. (1994): Schillernd, aber spannend: Überlegungen
zum Begriff des interkulturellen Lernens. In: K.-R. Bausch (Hrsg.):
Interkulturelles Lernen, 101-107 Krumm, H.-J. (1994): Interkulturelles
Lernen im Fremdsprachenunterricht. In: K.-R. Bausch (Hrsg.):
Interkulturelles Lernen, 117-127 Penning, D. (1995): Landeskunde als
Thema des Deutschunterrichts fächerübergreifend und/oder fachspezifisch?
In: Info DaF 6, 626-640 Pfeiffer, W. (2001): Nauka jezyków obcych. Od
praktyki do praktyki. Poznan: Wagros Rickheit, G./Strohner, H.(1990):
Inferenzen: Basis des Sprachverstehens. In: Die neueren Sprachen 6,
532-544 Solmecke, G. (1994): Interkulturelles Lernen im
Fremdsprachenunterricht. In: K.-R. Bausch (Hrsg.): Interkulturelles
Lernen, 165-171 Tönshoff, W. (1997): Training von Lernerstrategien im
Fremdsprachenunterricht unter Einsatz bewußtmachender
Vermittlungsverfahren. In: U. Rampillon/G. Zimmermann (Hrsg.): Strategien
und Techniken beim Erwerb fremder Sprachen. Ismaning: Hueber Verlag,
203-215 Wendt, M. (1997): Strategien und Strategieebenen am Beispiel
von Lernaktivitäten im Spanischunterricht. In: U. Rampillon/G. Zimmermann
(Hrsg.): Strategien und Techniken... 77-94 Wilczynska, W (1999): O
autonomii w przyswajaniu jezyka obcego. Poznan-Warszawa: PWN Zawadzka,
E. (1997): Zu interkulturellen Aspekten des Fus. In: Neofilolog 15, 10-17
Note from the Editor: This paper was presented at the 3rd CER-FIPLV
Congress in Poznan. Prof. Kazimiera Myczko is a Vice-President of Modern
Languages Association of Poland and a professor at Adam Mickiewicz
University in Poznan.
Footnotes 1 Kritisch zur Überbetonung
der interkulturellen Dimension des Lernens im konventionellen
Fremdsprachenunterricht, die zu einer Vernachlässigung der spezifischen
Aufgaben des Fremsprachenunterrichts führen kann, äußert sich auch
Gnutzmann (1994:67). 2 Die interkulturelle
Handlungskompetenz bildet nach Pfeiffer (2001:149) die höhere Stufe und
bezieht sich auf eine effiziente Sprachkommunikation in den
wirtschaftlichen Aushandlungen sowie in wissenschaftlichen und politischen
Diskussionen. 3 Landeskunde steht somit im engen
Zusammenhang mit den gegenwärtigen Zielen des Fremdsprachenunterrichts.
Sie ist "die Beschäftigung mit den primärnichtsprachlichen Bedingungen,
Regelwerken und prässuponierten Wissensbeständen von Kommunikation, um in
einer fremden Kultur kommunikative Zusammenhänge richtig zu deuten und
sich selbst in einem Prozeß des vorsichtigen Aushandelns angemessen zu
verhalten" (Penning 1995:628). Hierzu auch die ABCD-Thesen 1990, Nr. 4 und
Erdmenger (1996:20) 4 Mißverständnisse können
nicht immer vermieden werden, sie können aber durch Einsicht und
Verständnis, also durch ein Sich-Bewußtwerden über die eigener und fremde
Sprache und Kultur erkennbar und erklärbar gemacht werden (vgl. House
1994:86). 5 vgl. hierzu z.B. Rickheit/Strohner
(1990:541f.) 6 An dieser Stelle ist auch auf die
neuerdings durchgeführten Untersuchungen hinzuweisen, die die kulturellen
Unterschiede als eine der wesentlichen Determinanten im Bereich der
Rezeption von fremdsprachigen literarischen Texten nachweisen lassen (vgl.
Karolak 1999). 7 Als Vorausetzung des
interkulturellen Lernens nennt House (1994:88) eine
interkulturell-vergleichende Lehrstrategie, eine explizite und
analytisch-kognitive Lehrstrategie, die die Sprach- und kulturbewußtheit
fördern sowie Strategien, die kulturelle Erfahrungen anstreben
(experientiel strategies). 8 Vgl. hierzu auch die
methodischen Schritte bei Königs (1994:105). 9
Freudenstein (1994:59) schließt traditionelle Verfahren schulischer
Unterweisung (darunter auch Textarbeit) bei der Realisierung des Zieles
interkulturelles Lernen aus und betont, daß dieses Lernziel nur " durch
die konkrete eigene Erfahrung erlebbar gemacht werden kann."
|
Congress Calendar
2002
13-15
June
International Conference. Theme: Modern Languages in the
Knowledge Society. Venue: Kaunas University of technology, Lithuenia.
Information: Centre of Modern Languages, Faculty of Humanities, Kaunas
University of Technology, Gedimino st. 43-301, Kaunas, LT-3000, Lithuenia.
Fax: + 370 – 7 – 323531, Email: ruta.veteryte@ukc.ktu.lt
rgistration form at: http://www.ktu.lt/en/science/conf2002/konf_06_2/index.html
25-26
June
Nordic-Baltic Region FIPLV Seminar. Theme: Portfolio, Learner
Autonomy, New Technology. Venue: Tallin, Estonia. Information: Jörgen
Tholin, jorgen.tholin@hb.se
2-5
July
19th IPRA Peace Conference. Theme:
Globalization, Governance and Social Justice.Venue: Seoul,
Korea. Information: International Peace Research Association. c/o Prof.
Kodama, Mie University, 1515 Kamihama, Tsu, Mie, japan 514-850. Email:
kkodama@human.mie-u.ac.jp ; www.human.mie-u.ac.jp/~peace/about-ipra
4-6 July
SAALT 2002. Theme: The changing context of language teaching:
renewal or resistance. Venue: University of Natal, Durban, South
Africa. Information:Prof. Elizabeth de Kadt, First Level School,
Memorial Tower Building, University of Natal, Durban 4014, South
Africa. Fax +(031) 260 – 2409, email: penningtonb@nu.ac.za
15-18
July
8th BRAZ-TESOL
National Conference. Venue:
Florianópolis – SC. Information: http://www.braz-tesol.org.br/
22- 25
July
35th meeting of the
Societas Linguistica Europaea. Venue: Potsdam,
Germany. Information: http://www.uni-potsdam.de/u/dekanat_philfak1/sle/index.htm 25-28
September International Conference. Theme: Multicultural
Dilemmas: Identity – Difference – Otherness. Venue: Ustroń, Poland.
Information: Prof. Wojciech Kalaga & prof. Tadeusz Rachwał. Institute
of British and American Culture and Literature. ul. Żytnia 10, 41-2005
Sosnowiec, Poland. Email: kalaga@us.edu.pl
rachwal@us.edu.pl
19 July – 1
August
19th World Congrss on Reading. Venue: Edinburgh,
Scotland. Information: International Reading Association,
19th World Congress, 800 Barksdale Road, PO Box 8139, Newark,
DE 1971-8139, USA. kaubaughman@reading.org. Website:
http://www.ira.org/meetings/wc/index.html#multi.
2
August
Multiple Language Literacy Symposium. Theme: Building a
Cross-National Research Agenda on Multiple Language Literacy. Venue:
Edinburgh, Scotland. Information: International Reading
Association, 19th World Congress, 800 Barksdale Road, PO Box
8139, Newark, DE 1971-8139, USA. kaubaughman@reading.org. Website:
http://www.ira.org/meetings/wc/index.html#multi.
19-21
September
33rd Annual Congress of GAL. Theme: Linguistic
Competences: Researching and Teaching. Venue: University of Cologne,
Germany. Information: Prof. Dr. Michael Becker-Mrotzek & prof. Dr.
Hartmut Günther, Universität zu Köln, Sem. f. Deutsche Sprache u. ihre
Didaktik, Gronewaldstraße 2, 50931 Köln (Lindenthal). Fax: 0221/470-5989;
Email: Becker.Mrotzek@uni-koeln.de ; Hartmut.Guenther@uni-koeln.de
20-21
September
Stockholmer Deutschlehrertage. Venue: Stockholm, Sweden. Inf.: LMS
www.lms-riks.se
; www.goethe.de/ne/sto/deindex.htm
5-6
October
Göteborger Deutschlehrertage. Venue: Göteborg, Sweden.
Information: Carola Bleich, Goethe-Institute Inter Nations, carola.bleich@stockholm.goethe.org, Inger Odenstedt.
LMS Västra Sveriges Språklärarförening, inger.odenstedt@alfa.telenordia.se
16-21
December
13th World Congress of Applied Linguistics. Venue:
Singapore. Information: Anne Pakir, E-mail: aschead@nus.edu.sg
2003
2 – 6
July
21st FIPLV World Congress (with SAALT). Venue: RAU,
Auckland, South Africa. Information: http://general.rau.ac.za/fiplv
24-29
July
XVII
International Congres of Linguists (CIL). Venue: Congress
Palace, Prague: Czech Republic. Information: Anna Kotĕšovcová, Centre for
Computational Linguistics MFF UK, Malostranské nám. 25, 118 00 Prague 1,
Czech Republic. Email: cil17@cil17.org
|
Forum on Controversial Issues
The place of translation in the proficiency class by
Mary Hawker
I would like to start my brief presentation by defining what we are not
going to discuss, then make a case for using translation in foreign
language classes and finally present some practical ideas which we have
introduced in the language courses at our Department. We will not be
concerned here with classes which teach translation for its own sake. The
courses I do not have in mind are those in which, in the words of Leonard
Forster, "the translation is a new product, that is to say that it is the
result of a re-creative process." Our English Department offers a host of
such courses, almost exclusively from English into Czech and they are
immensely popular. Our students can be extremely creative and
original. The approach gives them considerable freedom. The main concern
here is not the precision of meaning, but appropriateness of expression,
style and register. The end result may be closer to the spirit than to the
letter of the original text. In proficiency classes we are concerned
with more prosaic matters. We insist that students be more humble and not
try to improve on the original. We expect them to demonstrate their
understanding of the original text and their skill in finding the closest
equivalent in the target language, without distorting its usage. This
might explain why translation, as used in language courses, becomes
associated in the minds of our students with boredom and drudgery. We
ask our students to stay closer to the letter than to the spirit,
producing a 'transposition' rather than a 'translation'. D.S. Carne-Ross
introduced this useful distinction, suggesting that transposition 'hugs
the contours' of the original text more closely. On the other hand, "At
its highest, a translation comes into existence in the same way as a work
of original literature." In our proficiency classes we fear this might
simply be an excuse and cover-up for ignorance. Transposition is therefore
a more useful indicator of the learner's understanding of the foreign
language. Our students are not alone in their dislike of the use of
translation in proficiency classes. Foreign language textbook designers
seem to encourage this attitude and applied linguists have long condemned
the old-fashioned Grammar-Translation method of teaching languages. Since
its downfall, teachers might have used translation surreptitiously and
with a guilty or defiant feeling, but not a single FLT method has had the
audacity to make translation its integral part. A recent investigation
into the needs of students, carried out by the Hong Kong Polytechnic
University bears witness to this fact. It explores all possible teaching
and learning tasks, but not once is translation mentioned. It no longer
surprises us. 'Translation' is not one of the trendy buzzwords like
'interactive learning'. At its best it is condemned as being boring and at
its worst downright harmful. It encourages students to pass through their
mother tongue and impedes native-like mastery of the target
language. The agreement of students and educationalists in their
attitude to translation in FLT may not be such a coincidence. The focus in
educational theories has shifted lately from teacher to learner. So if a
learner finds translation boring - out it goes. This dangerous trend of
tending to learners' interests rather than ours, their teachers', was
incidentally already advocated by Jan Amos Komenský, who some 370 years
ago found his second home not far from here in Poland. It was he who
claimed a pupil could not learn properly unless he was at ease and
enthusiastic about learning. Years later Krashen came to astoundingly
similar conclusions. Nevertheless, there are two main arguments in
favor of re-introducing translation in the FLT. One is practical, it has
to do with students' future needs and the other theoretical, connected
with the theory of language learning. As far as I know, no survey of
students' needs, present or future, comparable to that of the Hong Kong
Polytechnic, has been carried out at our faculty in the last ten years.
Regrettably. For if nothing else, such an investigation could draw the
students' attention to the link between what they are presently involved
in and what will be required of them later. This connection is seldom
obvious. We may get a random glimpse of what students think their needs
are from occasional conversations we have with them. In addition, every
year at the beginning of my proficiency course, I hand out a questionnaire
asking students to state what they would like to do to improve their
English. Interestingly, the survey shows that some students wish to have
mistakes pointed out in their written composition, while they do not wish
to actually write those compositions in the first place. So much for
learner determined content. And of course translation has never been in
great demand. However, most of our graduates after leaving university,
one way or another, end up translating from and into English for a living.
Very rarely are they translations of fascinating literature such as they
worked on in the translation courses. More often they are bureaucratic,
legal or economic texts, in which meaning is more important than style,
keeping to the letter rather than to the spirit, in the words of
Carne-Ross, it is transposition rather than translation which is
requested. It seems foolish to ignore this fact and continue preparing our
students for a future in academia. An overwhelming majority of our
graduates work for the media, in the civil service or translate for
private companies. While students might welcome dropping translation from
their curriculum, it would not answer their future professional needs. We
have an obligation to teach them the necessary skills. Now to the
theoretical reasons in favor of re-introducing translation into FLT. I
question the theory which claims that translation is an impediment to
learning foreign languages. I think we have battled with this idea long
enough. Supposing we successfully silence the mother tongue in our
classrooms, we still cannot drive it from the learner's mind. The
simultaneous translation is omnipresent, only we cannot hear it. By
stifling it, we willfully deprive ourselves of a useful tool. Translation
is the safest means of checking whether the learner has fully understood
all the nuances and subtleties of the original. It brings out in the open
the misunderstandings caused by negative transfer. More often than we wish
to recall we stumble across examples of clumsy translations - a result of
a shortage of properly trained translators in combination with the sudden
influx of English. Some are amusing, some less so. The 'Have a nice
day' of American TV serials still sounds ludicrous in Czech: 'Mejte pekný
den!' But it will not take long to settle in, just as the British have
adopted the American structure 'This is different than this' in place of
'This is different from this'. The dreaded moment has arrived it seems,
when the English will start using the expression 'Thank you for your
understanding', judging by a notice I spotted on a lift out of order in a
respectable London hotel. It is even more terrifying to hear a stewardess,
walking up and down the aisle of the plane, beg for tea or coffee. "Tea or
coffee, please!" she says, menacingly. All this could have been avoided
had translation been properly taught in schools. Thus our Department is
confronted with a problem. Students need to acquire translation skills,
but do not enjoy practicing them. We wish to follow Comenius's advice and
at the same time prepare our students for their future profession. There
is only one way: to try and win students over to translation. We have
tried doing so on several levels. a. Content. First of all we try to
liven up the translation classes by choosing fascinating newspaper
articles and excerpts from books of fiction. Or at least we think we do.
We are often amazed by the reaction of our students to our brilliant
choices. However, over the years we have built up a repertoire of texts
that never fail us. Humor is important, but we find, for instance, that
Adrian Mole wins hands down over Jerome K. Jerome and that Václav Klaus's
speeches are no match for Josef Capek's stories for little children. I am
a firm believer in learner determined content where the choice of
literature for translation is concerned. A student once suggested we
translate Thurber's Fables. We have been using them with great success
ever since. b. Process. We start off our seminars by asking the
students to exchange the written translations they have prepared at home
with their neighbor and discuss their differing solutions to particular
problems of translation. They are encouraged to enter any changes in their
own copy that they consider an improvement on their original version. The
debate gets so involved, especially as the term progresses, that it is
often difficult to interrupt it and move to other items on the agenda. We
also found useful inspiration in Alan Duff's book, Translation. To make
translation more palatable and at the same time more focused, he suggests
highlighting only a few sentences in a text for written work and leaving
the rest for sight translation. c. Assessment. We have been striving
toward getting the students involved in correcting their own mistakes. In
the past the assessment consisted of the teacher getting hold of the
student's copy and of a red pen and then going over the assignment,
correcting the mistakes with painstaking diligence. Then the teacher would
hand it back to the student, who would look at it and chuck it into the
wastepaper basket with a feeling of utter discouragement. Then one day
an American colleague by the name of Richard Haas suggested a change.
Instead of supplying the correct version, why not just underline the error
and imply what sort of error it is on the margin. Each category of error
had its code and the complete list was given to the students so that they
could decipher the correction. It was not flawless, but there was a
beginning of an idea. The result was much neater and one could see at a
glance, by examining the margin what the main trouble areas were. The
teacher would then hand it back to the student, who took a look at it and
chucked it into the wastepaper basket. Something had to be done. All
this effort went into marking the paper and to no avail, we need not have
bothered. So we asked the students to find the right answer and rewrite
the assignment. It was very daring of us and it quickly became the least
popular part of the whole process. It had the advantage of forcing the
students to do what we actually wanted them to do and the drawback of
putting them off the task. Students are often frustrated when they
repeatedly come up with ever-new wrong answers, no matter how much they
hunt around and consult their colleagues about the correct one. To
further alleviate their task we thought of experimenting with pinpointing
one type of error at a time and ignoring all the rest. So one could focus
on articles and prepositions and throw in spelling for good measure. Or
one could concentrate on marking the use of tenses only and then build a
whole grammar lesson around English tenses. Having to look at every
student's assignment twice might seem like an onerous task. However, by
the time the students discussed it in pairs and we then went through it
together, the final copy is near perfect and a pleasure to observe.
Meanwhile we have satisfied the latest trend in FLT and responded to the
urgent call for interactive teaching and autonomous learning.
References: L. FORSTER, Translation: An Introduction, In:
Aspects of Translation, Studies in Communication 2, Martin Secker and
Wartbur, 1958, pp.1-28 D.S. CARNE-ROSS, Translation and Transposition,
In: ARROWSMITH and R. SHATTUCK, eds. Craft and Content of Translation, A
Critical Symposium, Anchor Books, New York, 1964, pp. 3-28 VICTORIA
CHAN, Determining Students' Language Needs in a Tertiary Setting, In:
English Teaching Forum, July 2001, pp.16-27 ALAN DUFF, Translation,
OUP, 1989 S.D. KRASHEN, Principals and Practice in Second Language
Acquisition, Pergamon Institute of English, New York, 1982 Note from
the Editor: Mary Hawker is a member of Kruch Modernich Filologu (Czech
Republic) and an acting Treasurer of CER-FIPLV. She teaches English at the
Department of English, Philosophical Faculty, Charles University, Prague.
This is a presentation given at 3rd CER-FIPLV Conference in
Poznan.
|
News and Views
APFR
L'Association des Professeurs de Français de Russie (APFR) a
été créée en 1989 et en 1990 elle a été affiliée à la Fédération
Internationale des Professeurs de Français (FIPF). L'Association avait au
départ comme vocation de regrouper les enseignants de français de tous les
pays. Ensuite elle a activement participé à la fondation de la Commission
des Pays d'Europe Centrale et Orientale (CECO) qui représente un des
volets régionaux de la FIPF et qui réunit les associations de cette
région. Les 28-29 mars 2002 à l'Université Linguistique de Moscou
l'APFR a tenu sa XIV Session nationale comprenant outre les réunions
plénières et les travaux en ateliers - séminaires de langue française, un
forum des associations régionales de Russie. Des représentants de 70
villes et régions de la Fédération de Russie (d'Irkoutsk et de Nijni
Novgorod, de Volgograd et de Stavropol, de Tatarstan, d'Oudmourtie,
d'Yakoutie etc.) ont participé aux travaux de la Session. De nombreux
invités d'autres pays sont également venus à Moscou pour apporter leur
soutien à l'APFR, parmi eux : M. Dario Pagel, Président de la FIPF, M.
Jean A. Souillat, Conseiller de la FIPF et Secrétaire Général de la FIPF
dans les années 80-90, Mme A-C.Berthoud, Vice-présidente du Comité des
Langues Vivantes à la Commission Européenne. Les allocations de
bienvenue étaient prononcées par Mme Irina Khalééva, Recteur de
l'Université Linguistique de Moscou, par M. N. Bancekine, Vice-Ministre de
l'Education Nationale de la Fédération de Russie, par M. O. Vasnetsov,
Directeur du Département des Relations Culturelles au Ministère des
Affaires Etrangères. Le thème de la XIV Session était : " La
Francophonie aujourd'hui et la Communication interculturelle ". La
discussion portait sur les problèmes de la francophonie d'aujourd'hui et
ses contacts linguistiques, sur la situation linguistique et la politique
linguistique dans l'espace francophone, sur la spécificité de la langue
française hors de France, etc. Y. Sukharev, Président de l'APFR N.
Portnova, Vice-Présidente de l'APFR
ASELE
Como le dije nuestro XIII Congreso de ASELE se celebrará en Murcia
(España) los dís 2, 3, 4 y 5 de octubre de 2002. El tema elegido para este
año es "El español, lengua del mestizaje y la interculturalidad". Estamos
encantados de que venga. Me gustaría saber si puede dar la conferencia el
día 3 de octubre de 12:30 a 13:30. La organización correría con todos los
gastos de viaje, alojamiento y manutención durante los días del Congreso.
Además usted recibiría una cantidad aproximada de 350 ? La conferencia
debería enmarcarse en la temática del Congreso, estaría bien algo
relacionado con la comunicación intercultural o con la lingüística para la
paz. Usted puede elegir el título que desee. En cuanto lo tenga le ruego
me lo indique. La conferencia sería publicada en las Actas del Congreso.
Para cualquier consulta puede ponerse en contacto conmigo. Dándole las
gracias de antemano, reciba un cordial saludo. Dr. Manuel Pérez Gutiérrez
Universidad de Murcia Presidente Ejecutivo del XIII Congreso Internacional
de la Asociación para la Enseñanza del Español como Lengua Extranjera
(ASELE)
GAL
The 33rd Annual Congress of the Gesellschaft für Angewandte Linguistik
(GAL) will take place at the University of Cologne from September 19th to
September 21st, 2002. The overall topic of the conference will be
Linguistic Competencies: Researching and Teaching which will be divided
into six main areas: I. Analysing and Teaching Conversational
Competence. II. Learning and Teaching Foreign Languages: The Conflict
between Language, Person, Process, and Structure. III. Development of
Written Text. IV. New Media - New Competencies? V. Models of
Orthography in the Reflection of the Acquisition of the Written
Language. VI. Language Testing: Bridging the Gap between Teaching and
Research. In addition, sections will be held in the following
subjects:
1. Phonetics and Speech Training 2. Lexicon and
Grammar 3. Text Linguistics and Stylistics 4. Conversational
Linguistics 5. Media Communication 6. Language for Specific
Purposes 7. Sociolinguistics 8. Contact Linguistics 9.
Contrastive Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 10.
Translation 11. Psycholinguistics 12. Speech Pathology and
Therapy 13. Language Teaching 14. Learning and Teaching with New
Media 15. Computer Linguistics.
Information: Prof. Dr. Michael
Becker-Mrotzek & Prof. Dr. Hartmut Günther, Universität zu Köln, Sem.
f. Deutsche Sprache u. ihre Didaktik, Gronewaldstraße 2, 50931 Köln
(Lindenthal). Tel: 0221/470-4765 (Sekr.), Fax: 0221/470-5989. Emails: Becker.Mrotzek@uni-koeln.de
; Hartmut.Guenther@uni-koeln.de
I R A
19th World Congress on Reading is organised by the
International Reading Association in Edinburgh, Scotland, July 29 - August
1, 2002. Join your colleagues in Edinburgh for dynamic sessions, symposia,
workshops, reserach reports, and exciting exhibits. Featuring educators,
scholars, authors, and publishers from around the world, IRA's 19th World
Congress promises you unsurpassed professional development opportunities
amids the panoramic beauty of Scotland. Immediately following the
World Congress, a Second Language Literacy Symposium will be held on
August 2, 2002. The theme of the symposium is Building a Cross-National
Research Agenda on Multiple Language Literacy.
Information: International Reading Association, 19th World Congress on
Reading, 800 Barksdale Road, PO Box 8139, Newark, DE 1971-8139, USA. Tel:
8000-336-READ 302-731-1600 extension 409; Fax: 302-731-1057; Email: conferences@reading.org ; kbaughman@reading.org. Web site:
http://www.ira.org/meetings/wc/index.html#multi.
SINGAPORE
9th International Conference on Neural Information Processing
(ICONIP'02), 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Simulated Evolution And
Learning / (SEAL'02) and International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and
Knowledge Discovery (FSKD'02) will be organized by School of Electrical
and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University in
co-operation with: IEEE Neural Network Society, International Neural
Network Society and European Neural Network Society SPIE in
Singapore. ICONIP'02, SEAL'02, and FSKD'02 will be jointly held in
Orchid Country Club, Singapore from November 18 to 22, 2002. The
conferences will not only feature the most up-to-date research results in
natural and artificial neural systems, evolutionary computation, fuzzy
systems, and knowledge discovery, but also promote cross-fertilization
over these exciting and yet closely-related areas. Registration to any one
of the conferences will entitle a participant to the technical sessions
and the proceedings of all three conferences, as well as the conference
banquet, buffet lunches, and tours to two of the major attractions in
Singapore, i.e., Night Safari and Sentosa Resort Island. Many well-known
researchers will present keynote speeches, panel discussions, invited
lectures, and tutorials. Topics of Interest : ICONIP'02: ·
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL MODELS - Learning algorithms, Neural modeling and
architectures, Neurodynamics · NATURAL NEURAL SYSTEMS - Neuroscience,
Neurobiology, Neuro-physiology, Brain imaging, Learning and memory ·
COGNITIVE SCIENCE - Perception, emotion, and cognition, Selective
attention, Vision and auditory models · HARDWARD IMPLEMENTATION -
Artificial retina & cochlear chips · HYBRID SYSTEMS - Neuro-fuzzy
systems, Evolutionary neural nets, etc. · APPLICATIONS -
Bioinformatics, Finance, Manufacturing, etc. SEAL'02: · THEORY -
Co-evolution, Coding methods, Collective behavior · METHODOLOGY -
Evolution strategies, Genetic algorithms, Genetic programming, Molecular
and quantum computing, Evolvable hardware, Multi-objective optimization,
Ant colony, Artificial ecology · EVOLUTIONARY LEARNING - Artificial
life, Bayesian evolutionary algorithms · HYBRID SYSTEMS - Evolutionary
neuro-fuzzy systems, Soft computing · APPLICATIONS - Scheduling,
Operations research, Design, etc. FSKD'02: · THEORY AND FOUNDATIONS
- Fuzzy theory and models, Uncertainty management, Statistical &
probabilistic data mining, Computing with words, Rough sets, Intelligent
agents · METHODS AND ALGORITHMS - Classification, Clustering,
Information retrieval & fusion, Data warehousing & OLAP, Fuzzy
hardware,Visualization, Decision trees, Data preprocessing HYBRID
SYSTEMS - Evolutionary neuro-fuzzy systems, Soft computing ·
APPLICATIONS - Control, Optimization, Natural language processing,
Forecasting, Human-computer interaction, etc. Keynote Speakers :
Shun-ichi Amari, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Japan; David Fogel,
Natural Selection, Inc., USA; Mitsuo Kawato, ATR, Japan; Xin Yao, The
University of Birmingham, UK; Lotfi A. Zadeh, University of California,
USA. The venue for this year's conferences is at one of Singapore's
premier country clubs, a 25-minute bus ride from the city. Visit the OCC
website at http://www.orchidclub.com/ Information:
FSKD'02-ICONIP'02-SEAL'02 Secretariat Conference Management Center/CCE,
NTUAdministration Annex Building #04-06, 42 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore
639815. Email: nef@ntu.edu.sg Fax: +65
6793 0997
SIPLE
Caros Associados Sipleanos, Comunicamos que a nova Diretoria da
SIPLE, eleita em novembro próximo passado por ocasião do Congresso
realizado na PUC-RJ, está assim constituída: PRESIDENTE: Profa. Dra.
Maria Jandyra C. Cunha (UnB), VICE-PRESIDENTE: Profa. Ms. Itacira A.
Ferreira (Unicamp), PRIMEIRA SECRETÁRIA: Profa. Dra. Maria Luiza Ortiz
(UnB), SEGUNDA SECRETÁRIA: Profa. Ana Catarina Ramos Nobre de Melo (UFRJ),
PRIMEIRA TESOUREIRA: Profa. Ms. Bárbara Duqueviz (UnB), SEGUNDO
TESOUREIRO: Prof. Sérgio Varela (UnB) . Queremos desde já manifestar
todo nosso empenho no sentido de continuar o trabalho das gestões
anteriores ampliando o número de associados e fazendo com que a SIPLE se
consolide, cada vez mais, legitimando os verdadeiros anseios dos
profissionais da área de PLE. Outrossim, pedimos desculpas aos colegas por
não termos nos comunicado até agora, devido ao fato de ainda não termos
assumido a SIPLE oficialmente. Agora, que já nos foi passada a lista de
endereços dos associados, estamos podendo nos comunicar. Aguardamos a
prestação de contas da gestão anterior para tomarmos posse oficialmente e
procedermos a programação da nova Diretoria para o próximo
triênio. Para qualquer contato que os associados desejem manter
conosco, colocamos à disposição os nossos endereços
eletrônicos. Atenciosamente, Maria Jandyra Cunha, Presidente mailto:peppfol@unb.b Itacira Ferreira,
Vice-presidente itacira@obelix.unicamp.br
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Books and Journals
Publications received
Chodkiewicz, Halina. 2000. Vocabulary Acquisition from the Written
Context. Interpreting word meanings by Polish learners of English. Lublin,
Maria Curie-Sklodowska University Press. Global Issues in Language
Education Newsletter. National Special Interest Group of the Japan
Association of Language Teachers (JALT), Issue 45, February 2002. Les
langues modernes. Bulletin de l'Association des professeurs de langues
vivantes (a.p.l.v.), nu. 4, octobre - novembre - decembre, 2001 & nu.
1, janvier - février - mars, 2002. Le polyglotte. Supplément au
bulletin de l'Association des professeurs de Langues Vivantes de
l'Enseignement public. nu. 47 décembre, 2001 & nu. 48 février,
2002. LMS Lingua. Riksföreningen fór Lärarna i Moderna Språk. Nr 5,
2001 & 1, 2, 2002. New Routes. DISAL S.A. Distribuidores Associados
de Livros, São Paulo. 16, January, 2002. Neusprachliche Mitteilungen
aus Wissenschaft und Praxis, Herausgegeben vom Fachverband Moderne
Fremdsprachen im Pädagogischen Zeitschriftenverlag (FMF), Heft 4, 2001
& 1, 2002. SAVTO Tydskrif vir Taalonderrig / SAALT Journal for
Language Teaching. Vol. 35/2&3 June - September & Vol. 35/4
December, 2001. Scripta Neophilologica Posnaniensia III. Poznan,
Wydzial Neofilologii Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza. TESOL Greece.
No. 72, October - December 2001, No.73, January -March 2002. TESOL
Matters. Vol. 12 No. 2, March/April/May 2002.
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21st FIPLV World Congress with SAALT
CALL FOR PAPERS
As hosting university of the XXI th conference of the
World Federation for Language Teacher Organisation (FIPLV), the Rand
Afrikaans University (RAU) would welcome submissions and proposals of
about 250 words with regard to topical issues of language teaching. In an
attempt to further the aims of FIPLV, the theme of this conference is
Identity and Creativity in Language Education. In order to augment the
aims of FIPLV in a direct way, - to promote the teaching and learning
of living languages in order to facilitate and improve communication,
understanding, co-operation and friendly relations between all peoples of
the world - to develop, support and promote policies designed to
improve the quality of language learning and make language learning
available to all - to develop the continuity and coherence of
multilingual education in primary, secondary, further, higher and adult
education - to improve the professional training and development of
language educators in all sectors of education Contributions (papers
and workshops) are invited from a broad range of language teaching
disciples and may address one or more of the following themes: 1.
Language education and identity
1.1. Language and Identity 1.2.
Multilingualism 1.3. Intercultural Communication 1.4. Language
Learning Styles 1.5. Indigenous South African Languages 1.6.
Multiliteracies 1.7. Academic Literacies in Higher Education 1.8.
Adult Language Learning / Life Long Language Learning 1.9. Critical
Literacy 1.10Code Switching 1.11.Global English 1.12. Language
Variety and the language classroom
2. Language Policy and
Planning
2.1. Language Maintenance and Language Death 2.2.
Language Across the Curriculum 2.3. Material Design 2.4.
Outcomes-based Education vs Content-Based Education 2.5. Translation,
Interpretation and Dubbing 3. The impact of Applied Linguistics in
classroom practice
3.1. Psycholinguistics 3.2. Cognitive
Linguistics 3.3. Functional Linguistics 3.4. Lexicography 3.5.
Phonology/Phonetics 3.6. Morphology 3.7. Syntax 3.8.
Semantics 3.9. Pragmatics 3.10. Sociolinguistics
4.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
4.1. Information
Technology and Language Education 4.2. Online Learning 4.3.
Language, discourse and the Media
5. Textual Studies
5.1.
Teaching Literature 5.2. Text Analysis 5.3. Writing / Text
Production
6. Assessment
6.1. Language Testing 6.2. Peer feedback
and self-assessment 6.3. Quality and Quality Assurance in language
learning
7. Language Research 7.1. Action Research 7.2.
Classroom Observation 8. Other language related topics Ruth Brown
tel/fax.: 27(11)489 2790; mailto:Anna%20Coetzee%20aec@rau.ac.za
tel.: 27(11)489 2698, fax.K27(11)489 3061; Wilhelm van Rensburg wajvr@edcur.rau.ac.za tel.:
27(11)489 3208. http://general.rau.ac.za/fiplv
FIPLV WORLD NEWS The Latest on Language and
Languages
A news service provided and edited by the Fédération
Internationale des Professeurs de Langues Vivantes (FIPLV). FIPLV
contact address: PO Box 216, Belgrave, 3160, Australia. FIPLV
website address: http://www.fiplv.org/ FIPLV
President: Denis Cunningham. PO Box 216, Belgrave, 3160, Australia.
Telephone: Int. Code + 61 39 754 47 14. Fax: Int. Code: +61 39 41 69
899. Email: djc@netspace.net.au FIPLV
Vice-President: Tuula Penttilä. Viherlaaksontje 24, SF-02710 Espoo,
Finland. Telephone: Int. Code: +358 9 594 507. Fax: Int. Code: + 358
9 5023 460. Email: tuula.penttila@edu.espoo.fi FIPLV
Secretary-General: Eynar Leupold. Herderstr. 10, D-06114 Halle,
Germany. Fax: Int. Code: + 49 345 53 22 732. Email: Leupold@romanistik.uni-halle.de FIPLV
Editor: Teresa Siek-Piskozub. Editorial Office: School of English,
Adam Mickiewicz University, al. Niepodleglosci 4, PL-61-874 Poznan,
Poland. Telephone: Int. Code + 48 61 829 35 21. Fax: Int. Code+ 48
61 829 35 05. Email: piskozub@amu.edu.pl FIPLV
Treasurer: Dieter Herold, Kulenkampstrasse 15 H, D-23566 Lübeck,
Germany. Telephone: International Code+ 49 451 3 27 91. Fax:
International Code + 49 451 3 55 43. Email: DieterHerold@t-online.de Subscription
at the price of CHF 45 a year available from Dieter
Herold. Advertisements inside the issue - CHF 100 full page, back
cover - CHF 150. Orders sent to Dieter Herold. Any item may be
quoted, reproduced or translated provided acknowledgement is given
to FIPLV WORLD NEWS.
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