WORLD NEWS: No. 54 April - May 2002

THE LATEST ON LANGUAGE

AND LANGUAGES

 

 

Note from the President

FIPLV News

Kognition und interkulturelle Kompetenz

Congress Calendar

Forum on Controversial Issues

News and Views

Books and Journals


 

 

NOTE FROM THE PRESIDENT

FIPLV PROGRESS IN THE CURRENT TRIENNIUM

1. Introduction
As we approach the mid-point of the current triennium, it is appropriate to do a stocktake on progress towards objectives of the FIPLV Strategic Plan and report on some of our priorities and activities.
2. Priorities
2.1. Regionalisation
While the FIPLV Region in Western Europe (WER) is facing some changes of personnel this year, this Region has been very active in publishing documents born at FIPLV 2000 and later. The Central European Region (CER) hosted a very successful Regional Conference in Poznan (Poland) last year and is organising another regional event to take place in Prague (Czech Republic) in February of next year. The FIPLV Nordic-Baltic Region (NBR) is organising a Seminar to take place in Tallinn (Estonia) on June 26-29 2002.
2.2. Linguistic Pluralism and Multilingual Education
With the formation of the Advisory Committee for Linguistic Pluralism and Multilingual Education, and the disappearance of the Languages Division at UNESCO, the former categories of Linguapax, Language Rights and Tolerance are now subsumed under a new heading. Linguapax, however, continues to be a priority through the auspices of the Linguapax Centre at the UNESCO Centre of Catalunya and the UNESCO Chair at the University of Mons-Hainault in Belgium, among others. The Linguapax Centre in Barcelona (Catalonia) has just organised an excellent World Congress on Language Policies, in which FIPLV was involved on the Scientific Committee and by facilitating one workshop theme through the FIPLV President. A separate report is forthcoming, as the Proceedings are placed on the Web. Led by the UNESCO Etxea Centre in Bilbao, the penultimate draft of the World Languages Report is to appear in the coming weeks. The FIPLV President is also involved in this Project.
Contrary to earlier information, the Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights is alive and well, as steps are taken to further the recommendation that UNESCO articulate a global policy on the topic. A significant stage of this process was a summit meeting in Barcelona on April 17, where representatives of UNESCO, International PEN, CIEMEN and FIPLV were present, among others. Further information and advice on action are awaited.
2.3. Solidarity
The FIPLV President met recently in Barcelona with Dr. Adama Samassekou, President of the African Academy of Languages, to discuss ways in which FIPLV member associations can assist language teachers and associations in Africa. While other plans are also in train, the forthcoming Seminar in Tallinn (Estonia) will include teachers from countries along the southern Baltic coast, facilitated by FIPLV funding for regionalisation.

2.4. Promotion of All Languages and Collaboration of Teachers of Languages
The FIPLV Executive and World Council members lose no opportunity to promote collaboration and the teaching of languages. Past and future activities identified above and below provide ample potential, reflecting this philosophy and priority of all FIPLV member associations.
2.5. Publications
FIPLV World News continues to appear regularly, thanks to the efforts of Teresa Siek-Piskozub and contributors. In addition to forthcoming publications of the FIPLV Region of Western Europe (WER), the FIPLV President has reviewed David Crystal's Language Death - a review which has appeared in at least fourteen publications in ten countries - while co-editing (with David Ingram) the Proceedings of the UNESCO International Conference in Melbourne (Australia) of 2001. Members of the FIPLV Executive have also published extensively in journals and on the Web in the last eighteen months, with details appearing annually in the FIPLV Report to UNESCO and individual reports.
3. Advocacy and Representation
3.1. Representation
Members of the FIPLV Executive, World Council and Honorary FIPLV Counselors have been extremely active in advocating on behalf of and representing FIPLV at a plethora of events, activities and conferences in a range of countries which include (among others): Australia, Estonia, France, Germany, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Spain and the UK.
3.2. FIPLV Website
Under the direction of Tuula Penttilä, our Webmaster - Terry Atkinson - continues to update and improve the FIPLV Website admirably.
4. Projects
FIPLV continues work on projects of international significance.
4.1. The Future of the Profession
The FIPLV Discussion Paper has been completed (for the moment) and is available on the FIPLV Website (www.fiplv.org). At the same time, the FIPLV President has included elements of this in recent presentations and articles, and will continue to do so in future presentations at NZALT 2002 in Napier (New Zealand) and FIPLV 2003 in Auckland Park (South Africa).
4.2. The Role of Associations in the Professional Development of Teachers
Eynar Leupold has taken over this Project and has completed a synopsis and report of the survey results. Further action on the Project is anticipated in the near future.
5. Future Activities
5.1. Membership
New members include MAPRYAL (Russian), ILEI (Esperanto) and LALT (Latvia). While welcoming them to FIPLV, we emphasise our appreciation of the continuing support of all member associations. We are also approaching other organisations to propose collaboration and/or membership. In this area, we have commenced dialogue with ACTFL (USA), AATSP (USA) and IALIC (International Association for Languages and Intercultural Communication). Other international unilingual associations/federations for Japanese (STJFL) and Spanish (ASELE) have been identified and will be contacted shortly. At the same time, discussions continue on the formation and/or identity of similar associations for teachers of Arabic, Chinese, Polish and Turkish. Regarding national multilingual associations, we would appreciate learning of these so that we can establish contact. If you can assist, please contact me.
5.2. Expansion in New Areas
While Africa is a clear focus, FIPLV is keen to attract new members from Asia, Central/Eastern Europe and Latin America, among other areas of the globe.
5.3. FIPLV World Congresses
FIPLV 2003 will now take place on July 2-6 2003 in Auckland Park, hosted by SAALT (South Africa) and organised by Anna Coetzee, member of the FIPLV World Council. Further publicity and "Call for Papers" is imminent, as the organisers have accepted a very short timeline in which to organise the event, after the previous offer fell through. We would hope to see many of you there and request that you publicise this XXIst FIPLV World Congress as extensively as possible. FIPLV 2006 could take place in Canada as CASLT (Canada) was the only FIPLV member association to express interest by the deadline. If this offer is not confirmed, a later offer - the only one - has come from RALMLT (Russia).
6. Communication and Cooperation
It is a challenging agenda, identifying priorities recognised by members of the FIPLV World Assembly, while addressing initiatives expressed by member associations. We are also better equipped to address these priorities and undertake new activities, now that the FIPLV finances have been stabilised, thanks to the efforts of Dieter Herold and others.
To further these objectives, we need your support, ideas and collaboration. We are willing to assist, so invite your suggestions and input. In so doing, you can assist us in taking FIPLV further into the third millennium, underwriting and enhancing the teaching of languages world-wide.
We thank you for your continued support, input and collaboration over the recent eighteen months and take this opportunity to wish you every success and happiness for the future.
Denis Cunningham
President, FIPLV - on behalf of the FIPLV Executive
djc@netspace.net.au



FIPLV News

FIPLV's discussion forum

A discussion forum has been opened on FIPLV's homepage. You are welcome to discuss any topic related to languages in this forum. Denis Cunningham has written a paper on the future of our profession which can be found on the homepage. Please, do come and join us in the forum.
Tuula Penttilä, Vice-President, FIPLV

From the Regions

Nordic-Baltic Region, FIPLV
Nordic-Baltic Region is finally organising a joint event for Nordic and Baltic foreign language teachers. There will be a seminar in Tallinn, Estonia in June 26-29, 2002. SUKOL has agreed to take care of the practical arrangements of the seminar on behalf of the other Nordic countries.
There have been many attempts in recent years to make contacts with the Baltic teachers. The FIPLV Vice-President Tuula Penttilä and the Nordic-Baltic officers have tried to encourage the Baltic countries to establish national multilingual associations. LALT now exists in Latvia [see below: TSP], but Estonia and Lithuania still only have separate unilingual associations. It is hoped that the seminar will assist in making the co-operation in the Region more efficient.
The preliminary programme of the seminar includes introductory plenary and workshops as well as lectures. Among the themes are:
· Common European Framework
· European Language Portfolio
· Assessment and Evaluation
· ICT and Learner Autonomy, and more.

Päivi Koivistoinen-Toivonen, Organising Secretary, SUKOL On behalf of the Organizing Committee of the NBR Tallinn Seminar 2002.

 

Introducing new FIPLV Members

ILEI
Internacia Ligo de esperantistaj instruistoj (ILEI) is an international association of teachers of Esperanto. The President of ILEI is Mauro la Torre, Dipartimento de Scienze dell'Educazione, Universita Toma Tre, Via Castro Pretorio, 20 IT-00185, Rome, Italy; Vice-president: Stefan MacGill, Bethlen Gabor u.2, HU-2030 Erd, Hungary; Hon.Secretary: Ms. Agneta Emanuelsson, Carl Ugglas v6, SE-641 37, Katrineholm, Sweden, Tel. +46 15052387 & +46 708152387; and Hon.Treasurer: Ms. Boomee Kim-Lindblom, Stenbockensgata 102, SE-136 62, Haninge. Tel/fakso +46 8 777 4175.
ILEI organises annual conferences, the last ILEI-Konferenco took place in Lovran, Croatia, Jul. 28 - Aug.3, 2001 with 57 participants from 20 countries. The program consisted of discussions on the future of the project 'Interkulturo' (see website of Virtual School "Tibor Sekelj" http://lps.uniroma3.it/kler ); draft regulations for future teacher-training examination UEA/ILEI; Cseh-method teacher training course; discussions about Esperanto in universitites.
ILEI publishes Internacia Pedagogia Revuo, a quarterly magazine of the association and Juna Amiko, a colourful quarterly magazine for beginners, celebrating its 100th edition in 2002.
Trends of relevance to members of ILEI are:
· New international regulations for teacher-training;
· Esperanto courses and discussion groups widespread on the Internet;
· Use of a new website for teachers and learners: http://www.edukado.net/ .

For more information contact: ILEI- Internacia Ligo de Esperantistaj Instruistoj (International league of Esperanto Teachers) Hon Sec. Ms. Agneta Emanuelsson, Carl Ugglas v6, SE-641 37 Katrineholm, Sweden. Tel+46 150 52387 & +46 708152387 (messages) agneta.emanuelsson@liberal.se ; http://lps.uniroma3.it/ilei; boomee.kimlindblom@swipnet.se

 

LALT

LALT is a Latvian Association of Language Teachers with the President: Diana Rumpite dianar@rsf.rtu.lv and representatives for languages:
· English: Silvija Andernovics, Latvian Association of Teachers of English (LATE) late@acad.latnet.lv
· French: Olga Ozolina, Latvian Association of Teachers of French (LFPA) olgozoli@lanet.lv
· Latvian language and literature: Anda Tora, Association of Teachers of the Latvian Language and Literature (LVLSA) andatora@hotmail.com
· Latvian language as a second language: Ligita Grigule, Association of Teachers of the Latvian Language as a Second Language (LVSA) lgrigule@izm.lv
· Russian language and literature: Tatjana Liguta, Latvian Association of the Teachers of the Russian Language and Literature (LKVLPA) liguta@lanet.lv
LALT has been working for 6 months since its foundation on 25 September, 2001. The member associations have shared experience, worked out a common strategy, discussed the priorities. It has prepared the required package of documents to be granted a permit from the Ministry of Finance to receive donations as well as worked out the content of new seminars for all language teachers for the official approval from the Ministry of Education and Science.
Creativity is one of the priorities of the versatile methodological work of the member associations. During the international conference of the Association of Teachers of English (LATE) (16-18 August, 2002) there will be an exhibition of creative work of teachers of different languages - textbooks, methodological materials as well as of students - projects, essays, poems, etc.
In-service seminars have been held by the member associations. Thus about 1,000 teachers have attended more than 40 seminars in English in the capital Riga and regional centres, organized by LATE. Its resource centre currently has about 6,000 volumes.
Local language competitions are organized regularly. The Russian pupils from Latvia were also the winners of the international competition in the Russian language and literature of the CIS and the Baltic States.
The concern of LALT is to voice the opinions of their members to organisations involved in language instruction. Also to provide quality in-service seminars that may help the requalification of teachers, especially for Young Learners. Member associations of LALT publish their own Newsletters.

For more information contact: LALT , 11 Novembra Krastmala 29, Riga LV 1050, Latvia; Phone +371 9459164; Fax +371 7821073; E-mail: lvasa@latnet.lv

Kognition und interkulturelle Kompetenz

Kazimiera Myczko

1. Vorbemerkung
Das mobile Bild der heutigen Gesellschaften, die sich ständig entwickelnden politischen und wirtschaftlichen Beziehungen in Europa und in der ganzen Welt erfordern eine Kommunikation zwischen den Kulturen. In diesem Zusammenhang kommt das interkulturelle Lernen den Anforderungen der Zeit entgegen. Auch im Fremdsprachenunterricht wurde das seit den 1970er Jahren formulierte Ziel der kommunikativen Kompetenz, das programmatisch grundsätzlich pragmatisch ausgelegt wurde, seit Ende der 80er Jahre um ein sehr wichtiges Element, die interkulturelle Komponente, erweitert. Man erklärte nicht selten die interkulturelle Kompetenz zum Ziel und sprach in diesem Zusammenhang von einem Paradigmawechsel.

2. Relation zwischen den wichtigen Begriffen des interkulturellen Ansatzes
In den Beiträgen, die Probleme des interkulturellen Ansatzes aufzuarbeiten versuchen, werden Schlüsselbegriffe wie interkulturelles Lernen und interkulturelle Kompetenz sowie die Relationen zur Landeskunde nicht immer einheitlich ausgelegt. Deswegen soll kurz auf die Auslegung dieser Begriffe eingegangen werden, um sie für die nachfolgenden Ausführungen zu bestimmen.
Der Begriff des interkulturellen Lernens wurde in Deutschland in ein breites pädagogisches Konzept eingebaut, das die Probleme der multikulturellen Schule zu bewältigen versucht. In Hinsicht auf den Fremdsprachenunterricht verdient die Deutung des Begriffes von House (1994:85) besondere Aufmerksamkeit. Sie faßt das interkulturelle Lernen als einen Prozeß auf, "in dem Wissen, Fertigkeiten und Erfahrungen erworben, Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen beeinflußt und verändert werden können, und ein Sich- Bewußtwerden über die eigene und fremde Sprache und Kultur erfolgt". In diesem Zusammenhang spricht auch Krumm (1994:117) von der Entwicklung "von Wahrnehmungsfähigkeit, die auch die Auseinandersetzung mit uns selbst einschließt."
Der Begriff der interkulturellen Kompetenz erweitert die Zielsetzung des gegenwärtigen Fremdsprachenunterrichts und ist als eine sehr wichtige Komponente des Oberbegriffes der kommunikativen Kompetenz zu verstehen. Entsprechend wird hier die Auffassung von Edmondson (1994:51) geteilt, der kulturelle bzw. interkulturelle Einsichten dann als relevant anerkennt, "wenn das Verstehen bzw. das Erlernen der Zielsprache dadurch gefördert wird."
In diesem Zusammenhang möchten wir auf den von Pfeiffer (2001:148) geprägten Begriff der interkulturellen kommunikativen Kompetenz hinweisen, der die Wichtigeit der interkulturellen Komponente zum Ausdruck bringt und dadurch die heutige Lernzielbeschreibung sehr treffend abdeckt.
Der interkulturelle Ansatz erweitert die programmatische Perspektive der traditionellen Landeskunde, die auf die Zielsprache gerichtet war und ist durch ein kulturkomparatives Vorgehen gekennzeichnet. Dieses Vorgehen strebt die Sensibilisierung für eigene und fremde Kultur sowie die Entwicklung von Fähigkeiten und Strategien im Umgang mit fremden Kulturen an.

3. Kognition als eine Voraussetzung der interkulturellen Kompetenz
Die Kommunikationsfähigkeit wird von Knapp/Knapp-Potthoff (1990:83) als ein "Komplex von analytisch-strategischen Fähigkeiten, die das Interpretations- und Handlungsspektrum des betreffenden Individuums in interpersonaler Interaktion mit Mitgliedern anderer Kulturen erweitern" aufgefaßt. Die interkulturelle Kompetenz ist demzufolge auf individuelle Erfahrungen und Erlebnisse zurückzuführen. Sie gehört in den Bereich der individuellen Erwerbsprozesse und setzt soziales, kognitives und affektives Lernen voraus. Die kognitive Dimension, die manchmal von den Verfechtern des interkulturellen Ansatzes zugunsten der emotionalen Dimension (u.a. des Abbaus von Ethnozentismus) als Gegenstand der Reflexion aufgegeben wird, verdient dabei u. E. besondere Aufmerksamkeit.
Die Überlegungen im Bereich des interkulturellen Lernens sind demzufolge von übergeordneten Überlegungen der cognitive science nicht zu isolieren. Interkulturelle Kompetenz ist als ein Bündel von Strategien aufzufassen, die den Umgang mit dem Fremden bestimmen. Die Strategien können aber nicht im luftleeren Raum entwickelt werden. Ihnen liegen die ganz konkrete Akte der Sprach-und Kulturverarbeitung zugrunde. "Der interkulturelle Anspruch verpflichtet (...) zur Förderung kulturübergreifender Vergleiche und zur Vermittlung entsprechenden kognitiven Wissens(...)Es sollten nicht nur Kenntnisse über die Realität, sondern auch Fähigkeiten zur selbständigen Reflexion und zur Veränderung des eigenen Wissens herausgebildet werden" (Zawadzka 1997:15f.). Es handelt sich hier also um die Aneignung von Strategien des "verstehenden Eindringens in die fremde Wirklichkeit und des Umgangs mit fremdkulturellem Verhalten sowie um die Erweiterung der Verhaltensmöglichkeiten der Lerner gegenüber Angehörigen fremder Kulturen über die Grenzen der eigenen Kultur hinaus" (Solmecke 1994: 166).
Die Erziehung zur interkulturellen Kommunikation steht somit auch im engen Zusammenhang mit der Umorientierung des Lernens vom Produkt zum Prozeß. Es handelt sich also um ein prozeßorientiertes Lernen, in dem der Lerner und die Prozesse, die in ihm zustande kommen, im Mittelpunkt stehen.
Bekanntlich wird der Lerner nach der kognitiven Konzeption als informationsverarbeitendes System aufgefaßt. Die eingehenden visuellen und auditiven Stimuli werden in kognitive Strukturen umgesetzt und in das vorhandene Wissen integriert. Dies bedeutet, daß das Verarbeiten von Informationen ein interaktiver Prozeß ist, in dem das vorhandene Wissen herangezogen wird, um das Neue zu verstehen. Andererseits modifiziert und erweitert das Neue die bereits vorhandenen Konzepte und Wissensschemata. Bezogen auf den Fremdsprachenunterricht ergeben sich im Zusammenhang mit dem hier interessierenden Problem gewisse Modifikationen im Vergleich zur muttersprachlichen Verarbeitung, die aus dem unterschiedlichen kulturellen Hintergrund folgen und die zugleich als Ursachen für gewisse Mißverständnisse sowie bestimmte Haltungen gelten können.
Bekanntlich ist die Vermittlung von Informationen im Kommunikationsprozeß nie vollständig und eindeutig. Das nicht Gesagte, aber durchaus Gemeinte soll nach der Annahme des Produzenten vom Rezipienten auf der Grundlage des gemeinsamen Wissens inferiert werden. Die für das Verstehen fremdsprachlicher Texte zu bildenden Inferenzen, werden durch kontextuelle Faktoren vor allem durch das eigenkulturelle Wissen wesentlich beeinflußt (Rickheit/Strohner 1990:532). "Der kulturelle Kontext mit seinen äußerst subtilen kommunikativen Konventionen ist ein wichtiger Bedingungsfaktor des gesamten Sprachverstehens und der Inferenzbildung" (Rickheit/Strohner 1990:541). In diesem Zusammenhang ist auf das oft in der Fachliteratur genannte Experiment von Steffenson, Joag-Dew und Anderson (1979) hinzuweisen, das u.a. belegt, wie stark das Verständnis der Kultur, aus der ein Text stammt, das Verstehen des Textes beeinflußt . Auch Weber (1990:556) unterstreicht, daß Texte "an eingewurzelte Vorstellungen und Urteilsweisen angeschlossen werden. Dazu zählen bei fremdsprachigen Texten z.B. die aus verschiedensten Quellen gespeisten mentalen Bilder vom anderen Land". In Anlehnung an Neisser betont Weber weiter, daß Wahrnehmende (...) nur das auf[nehmen], "wofür sie ein Schema haben, und (...)den Rest wohl oder übel[ignorieren]".
Die Begegnung mit der fremden Kultur gehört bereits oft zum Alltag; nicht immer aber besteht das Bedürfnis, sich mit ihr auseinanderzusetzen. Die Voraussetzung für die Entwicklung der interkulturellen Kompetenz ist der Wunsch, sich mit ihr bewußt auseinanderzusetzen, um falsche Handlungen zu vermeiden (Funke 1990:584).
Im Fremdsprachenunterricht erfährt der Lerner die fremde Kultur nicht unmittelbar, sondern nur mittelbar mit Hilfe von Bildern, auditiven und schriftlichen Texten. Der Lernende macht zwar seine Erfahrungen mit der fremden Kultur, " aber nur mit Repräsentationen der fremden Kultur in der Form von Berichten, Bildern, Erzählungen und anderen Darstellungen, in der er die fremde Kultur also nur indirekt durch Vermittler dargestellt erfährt" (Funke 1990:859). Die notwendige Auswahl in diesem Bereich "trägt erheblich zu simplifizierenden Vorstellungen von der Zielkultur bei" (Krumm 1994:119). Auf eine der wichtigsten Aufgaben, die in diesem Zusammenhang entstehen geht Krumm (1994:121) ein. Er betont, daß es im interkulturellen Ansatz darum geht, "unser Verständnis von Kommunikationsfähigkeit als einer universalen Sprachfähigkeit zu revidieren".

4. Unterrichtsmethodisches Vorgehen
Der Erziehung zur interkulturellen Kommunikation liegt, wie bereits hervorgehoben, eine bewußte Auseinandersetzung mit den Inhalten, die auf kulturbedingtes Umfeld bezogen sind, zugrunde. Auf diesem Wege werden also Lerner "für die potenziell kommunikationsbeeinträchtigende interkulturelle Unterschiedlichkeit von Alltagswissen sensibilisiert"(Tönshoff 1997:204). Der Verfasser fügt hinzu, daß der auf diesem Wege "explizit" erarbeiteten Landeskunde kognitivierende Vermittlungsverfahren zugrunde liegen . An dieser Stelle ist das taxonomische Modell kognitiver Handlungsebenen von Bloom (1976) zu erwähnen. In bezug auf die Ebenen der Sprachrezeption werden von ihm folgende Strategieebenen genannt: Evaluation, Analyse, Verstehen, Wiedererkennen.
"Dem taxonomischen Inklusinsprinzip zufolge schließt jede Ebene die jeweils unteren ein. Das Hierarchisierungskriterium der zur jeweils höheren Ebene hin zunehmenden Bewußtheit begründet im Prinzip ein Kontinuum."
(Wendt 1997:81).
Die Strategieebene Wiedererkennen bezieht sich auf das Wissen des Lerners, das als Grundlage für jegliche Form sprachlichen Handelns sowie als Resultat dieses Handelns aufzufassen ist.
In diesem Zusammenhang ist auf die Entwicklung des von Krumm (1994:122) betonten systematischen Wahrnehmungstrainings hinzuweisen. Dieses Training soll dem Verfasser nach "kulturgebundene Deutungsmuster in der Sprache" aufsuchen "und Prozesse des Selbst- und Fremdverstehens in den Mittelpunkt" rücken.
Den Ausgangspunkt für die didaktische Arbeit kann z. B. die Wahl eines für die Lerner relevanten, sprachlich-kulturellen Phänomens bilden. Dieses Phänomen wird im ersten Schritt durch das individuell geprägte Wissen gedeutet. Dieser Schritt gilt dann als Anlaß für die Erweiterung der Eigenperspektive, durch die Aushandlung der Bedeutung im Rahmen der Gruppenarbeit und notfalls über den Klassenraum hinaus. Diese vertiefte Reflexion, die zur Bewußtmachung und Bestimmung der Eigenperspektive beträgt, kann erst die Grundlage für die Auseinandersetzung mit fremdkulturellen Zugängen bieten.
Das unterrichtsmethodische Vorgehen beruht also auf der bewußten Reflexion dessen, was dem Lerner (nicht immer) bereits bewußt zur Verfügung steht, und dem Übergang zu dem Neuen. Hierbei werden also komplexe kognitive Handlungsstrukturen Verstehen und Analyse, unterstützt vom Wiedererkennen, aktiviert, die die subjektive Füllung des Phänomens in bezug auf die Ausgangskultur anstreben, andererseits aber auch Zugänge zur subjektiven Füllung des Phänomens in der Zielsprache sichern können. Die fremdkulturelle Füllung des Phänomens darf offensichtlich nicht nur eine Perspektive einschließen. Notwendig erscheint hier eine mehrperspektivische Aufarbeitung des gewählten Phänomens aufgrund verschiedener Texte und im Idealfall auch der eigenen Erfahrung des Lerners mit der fremdkulturellen Wirklichkeit . Die kognitivierenden Vorgehen bilden also die Grundlage für ein evaluierendes, schlußfolgerndes Vorgehen, das bestimmte Rückschlüsse für das eigene Verhalten zur Folge hat.

5. Abschließende Bemerkungen
Zusammenfassend ist zu betonen, daß die Entwicklung der interkulturellen Kompetenz in einem recht großen Umfang das kognitive Verarbeitungsvermögen des Lerners aktiviert. Die Konzentration lag in diesem Beitrag grundsätzlich auf ausgewählten Problemen der Sprachverarbeitung, die die Voraussetzung für das Handeln in der Sprache darstellt. Es handelt sich dabei offensichtlich nicht um Wissensvermittlung und Faktenvermittlung, sondern vielmehr um eine mehrperspektivische Wahrnehmung, die punktuelle Zugänge zur subjektiven Füllung der Begriffe in der Zielsprache sichern kann. Diesem Vorgang liegen konkrete Verarbeitungsstrategien zugrunde, die sich in der Haltung der fremden und der eigenen Kultur gegenüber auswirken.

Bibliographie:
ABCD-Thesen zur Rolle der Landeskunde im Deutschunterricht. (1990) In: Fremdsprache Deutsch 3, 60-61
Bloom, B.S. et al. (1976): Taxonomie von Lerzielen im kognitiven Bereich. Weinheim/Basel: Beltz
Edmondson, W. (1994): Was trägt das Adjektiv "interkulturell" zu unserem Verständnis vom Lernen im Fremdsprachenunterricht bei? In: K.-R. Bausch (Hrsg.): Interkulturelles Lernen im Fremdsprachenunterricht. Tübingen: Narr Verlag, 48-55
Erdmenger, M. (1996): Landeskunde im Fremdsprachenunterricht. Ismaning: Hueber Verlag
Funke, P. (1990): Das Verstehen einer fremden Kultur als Kommunikationsprozeß. In: Die neueren Sprachen 6, 584-596
Freudenstein, R. (1994): Alles interkulturell - oder was? In: K.-R. Bausch (Hrsg): Interkulturelles Lernen, 56-62
House, J. (1994): Kontrastive Pragmatik und interkulturelles Lernen: vom metapragmatischem Wissen zu kommunikativem Handeln. In: K.-R. Bausch (Hrsg.): Interkulturelles Lernen, 85-93
Karolak, Cz. (1999): Dydaktuka literatury wobec potrzeb nauki jezyka w warunkach obcokulturowych. Poznan: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM
Knapp, K./Knapp-Potthoff, A. (1990): Interkulturelle Kommunikation. In: Zeitschrift für Fremdsprachenforschung 1, 62-93
Königs, F.G. (1994): Schillernd, aber spannend: Überlegungen zum Begriff des interkulturellen Lernens. In: K.-R. Bausch (Hrsg.): Interkulturelles Lernen, 101-107
Krumm, H.-J. (1994): Interkulturelles Lernen im Fremdsprachenunterricht. In: K.-R. Bausch (Hrsg.): Interkulturelles Lernen, 117-127
Penning, D. (1995): Landeskunde als Thema des Deutschunterrichts fächerübergreifend und/oder fachspezifisch? In: Info DaF 6, 626-640
Pfeiffer, W. (2001): Nauka jezyków obcych. Od praktyki do praktyki. Poznan: Wagros
Rickheit, G./Strohner, H.(1990): Inferenzen: Basis des Sprachverstehens. In: Die neueren Sprachen 6, 532-544
Solmecke, G. (1994): Interkulturelles Lernen im Fremdsprachenunterricht. In: K.-R. Bausch (Hrsg.): Interkulturelles Lernen, 165-171
Tönshoff, W. (1997): Training von Lernerstrategien im Fremdsprachenunterricht unter Einsatz bewußtmachender Vermittlungsverfahren. In: U. Rampillon/G. Zimmermann (Hrsg.): Strategien und Techniken beim Erwerb fremder Sprachen. Ismaning: Hueber Verlag, 203-215
Wendt, M. (1997): Strategien und Strategieebenen am Beispiel von Lernaktivitäten im Spanischunterricht. In: U. Rampillon/G. Zimmermann (Hrsg.): Strategien und Techniken... 77-94
Wilczynska, W (1999): O autonomii w przyswajaniu jezyka obcego. Poznan-Warszawa: PWN
Zawadzka, E. (1997): Zu interkulturellen Aspekten des Fus. In: Neofilolog 15, 10-17

Note from the Editor: This paper was presented at the 3rd CER-FIPLV Congress in Poznan. Prof. Kazimiera Myczko is a Vice-President of Modern Languages Association of Poland and a professor at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan.

Footnotes
1 Kritisch zur Überbetonung der interkulturellen Dimension des Lernens im konventionellen Fremdsprachenunterricht, die zu einer Vernachlässigung der spezifischen Aufgaben des Fremsprachenunterrichts führen kann, äußert sich auch Gnutzmann (1994:67).
2 Die interkulturelle Handlungskompetenz bildet nach Pfeiffer (2001:149) die höhere Stufe und bezieht sich auf eine effiziente Sprachkommunikation in den wirtschaftlichen Aushandlungen sowie in wissenschaftlichen und politischen Diskussionen.
3 Landeskunde steht somit im engen Zusammenhang mit den gegenwärtigen Zielen des Fremdsprachenunterrichts. Sie ist "die Beschäftigung mit den primärnichtsprachlichen Bedingungen, Regelwerken und prässuponierten Wissensbeständen von Kommunikation, um in einer fremden Kultur kommunikative Zusammenhänge richtig zu deuten und sich selbst in einem Prozeß des vorsichtigen Aushandelns angemessen zu verhalten" (Penning 1995:628). Hierzu auch die ABCD-Thesen 1990, Nr. 4 und Erdmenger (1996:20)
4 Mißverständnisse können nicht immer vermieden werden, sie können aber durch Einsicht und Verständnis, also durch ein Sich-Bewußtwerden über die eigener und fremde Sprache und Kultur erkennbar und erklärbar gemacht werden (vgl. House 1994:86).
5 vgl. hierzu z.B. Rickheit/Strohner (1990:541f.)
6 An dieser Stelle ist auch auf die neuerdings durchgeführten Untersuchungen hinzuweisen, die die kulturellen Unterschiede als eine der wesentlichen Determinanten im Bereich der Rezeption von fremdsprachigen literarischen Texten nachweisen lassen (vgl. Karolak 1999).
7 Als Vorausetzung des interkulturellen Lernens nennt House (1994:88) eine interkulturell-vergleichende Lehrstrategie, eine explizite und analytisch-kognitive Lehrstrategie, die die Sprach- und kulturbewußtheit fördern sowie Strategien, die kulturelle Erfahrungen anstreben (experientiel strategies).
8 Vgl. hierzu auch die methodischen Schritte bei Königs (1994:105).
9 Freudenstein (1994:59) schließt traditionelle Verfahren schulischer Unterweisung (darunter auch Textarbeit) bei der Realisierung des Zieles interkulturelles Lernen aus und betont, daß dieses Lernziel nur " durch die konkrete eigene Erfahrung erlebbar gemacht werden kann."


Congress Calendar

2002

13-15 June                          International Conference. Theme: Modern Languages in the Knowledge Society. Venue: Kaunas University of technology, Lithuenia. Information: Centre of Modern Languages, Faculty of Humanities, Kaunas University of Technology, Gedimino st. 43-301, Kaunas, LT-3000, Lithuenia. Fax: + 370 – 7 – 323531, Email: ruta.veteryte@ukc.ktu.lt  rgistration form at: http://www.ktu.lt/en/science/conf2002/konf_06_2/index.html

25-26 June                          Nordic-Baltic Region FIPLV Seminar. Theme: Portfolio, Learner Autonomy, New Technology. Venue: Tallin, Estonia. Information: Jörgen Tholin, jorgen.tholin@hb.se

2-5 July                               19th IPRA Peace Conference. Theme: Globalization, Governance and Social Justice.Venue: Seoul, Korea. Information: International Peace Research Association. c/o Prof. Kodama, Mie University, 1515 Kamihama, Tsu, Mie, japan 514-850. Email: kkodama@human.mie-u.ac.jp ; www.human.mie-u.ac.jp/~peace/about-ipra

4-6 July                               SAALT 2002. Theme: The changing context of language teaching: renewal or resistance. Venue:  University of Natal, Durban, South Africa. Information:Prof. Elizabeth de Kadt, First Level School, Memorial Tower Building, University of Natal, Durban 4014, South Africa. Fax  +(031) 260 – 2409, email: penningtonb@nu.ac.za

15-18 July                          8th BRAZ-TESOL National Conference. Venue: Florianópolis – SC. Information: http://www.braz-tesol.org.br/

22- 25 July                          35th meeting of the Societas Linguistica Europaea. Venue: Potsdam, Germany. Information: http://www.uni-potsdam.de/u/dekanat_philfak1/sle/index.htm
25-28 September International Conference. Theme: Multicultural Dilemmas: Identity – Difference – Otherness. Venue: Ustroń, Poland. Information: Prof. Wojciech Kalaga & prof. Tadeusz Rachwał. Institute of British and American Culture and Literature. ul. Żytnia 10, 41-2005 Sosnowiec, Poland. Email: kalaga@us.edu.pl rachwal@us.edu.pl

19 July – 1 August             19th World Congrss on Reading. Venue: Edinburgh, Scotland. Information: International Reading Association, 19th World Congress, 800 Barksdale Road, PO Box 8139, Newark, DE 1971-8139, USA. kaubaughman@reading.org. Website: http://www.ira.org/meetings/wc/index.html#multi.

2 August                             Multiple Language Literacy Symposium. Theme: Building a Cross-National Research Agenda on Multiple Language Literacy. Venue: Edinburgh, Scotland. Information: International Reading Association, 19th World Congress, 800 Barksdale Road, PO Box 8139, Newark, DE 1971-8139, USA. kaubaughman@reading.org. Website: http://www.ira.org/meetings/wc/index.html#multi.

19-21 September                 33rd Annual Congress of GAL. Theme: Linguistic Competences: Researching and Teaching. Venue: University of Cologne, Germany. Information: Prof. Dr. Michael Becker-Mrotzek & prof. Dr. Hartmut Günther, Universität zu Köln, Sem. f. Deutsche Sprache u. ihre Didaktik, Gronewaldstraße 2, 50931 Köln (Lindenthal). Fax: 0221/470-5989; Email: Becker.Mrotzek@uni-koeln.de ; Hartmut.Guenther@uni-koeln.de

20-21 September                 Stockholmer Deutschlehrertage. Venue: Stockholm, Sweden. Inf.: LMS www.lms-riks.se ; www.goethe.de/ne/sto/deindex.htm

5-6 October                         Göteborger Deutschlehrertage. Venue: Göteborg, Sweden. Information: Carola Bleich, Goethe-Institute Inter Nations, carola.bleich@stockholm.goethe.org, Inger Odenstedt. LMS Västra Sveriges Språklärarförening, inger.odenstedt@alfa.telenordia.se

16-21 December                  13th World Congress of Applied Linguistics. Venue: Singapore. Information: Anne Pakir, E-mail: aschead@nus.edu.sg

2003

2 – 6 July                            21st FIPLV World Congress (with SAALT). Venue: RAU, Auckland, South Africa. Information: http://general.rau.ac.za/fiplv

24-29  July                          XVII International Congres of Linguists (CIL). Venue: Congress Palace, Prague: Czech Republic. Information: Anna Kotĕšovcová, Centre for Computational Linguistics MFF UK, Malostranské nám. 25, 118 00 Prague 1, Czech Republic. Email: cil17@cil17.org


Forum on Controversial Issues

The place of translation in the proficiency class
by Mary Hawker

I would like to start my brief presentation by defining what we are not going to discuss, then make a case for using translation in foreign language classes and finally present some practical ideas which we have introduced in the language courses at our Department.
We will not be concerned here with classes which teach translation for its own sake. The courses I do not have in mind are those in which, in the words of Leonard Forster, "the translation is a new product, that is to say that it is the result of a re-creative process." Our English Department offers a host of such courses, almost exclusively from English into Czech and they are immensely popular.
Our students can be extremely creative and original. The approach gives them considerable freedom. The main concern here is not the precision of meaning, but appropriateness of expression, style and register. The end result may be closer to the spirit than to the letter of the original text.
In proficiency classes we are concerned with more prosaic matters. We insist that students be more humble and not try to improve on the original. We expect them to demonstrate their understanding of the original text and their skill in finding the closest equivalent in the target language, without distorting its usage. This might explain why translation, as used in language courses, becomes associated in the minds of our students with boredom and drudgery.
We ask our students to stay closer to the letter than to the spirit, producing a 'transposition' rather than a 'translation'. D.S. Carne-Ross introduced this useful distinction, suggesting that transposition 'hugs the contours' of the original text more closely. On the other hand, "At its highest, a translation comes into existence in the same way as a work of original literature." In our proficiency classes we fear this might simply be an excuse and cover-up for ignorance. Transposition is therefore a more useful indicator of the learner's understanding of the foreign language.
Our students are not alone in their dislike of the use of translation in proficiency classes. Foreign language textbook designers seem to encourage this attitude and applied linguists have long condemned the old-fashioned Grammar-Translation method of teaching languages. Since its downfall, teachers might have used translation surreptitiously and with a guilty or defiant feeling, but not a single FLT method has had the audacity to make translation its integral part.
A recent investigation into the needs of students, carried out by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University bears witness to this fact. It explores all possible teaching and learning tasks, but not once is translation mentioned. It no longer surprises us. 'Translation' is not one of the trendy buzzwords like 'interactive learning'. At its best it is condemned as being boring and at its worst downright harmful. It encourages students to pass through their mother tongue and impedes native-like mastery of the target language.
The agreement of students and educationalists in their attitude to translation in FLT may not be such a coincidence. The focus in educational theories has shifted lately from teacher to learner. So if a learner finds translation boring - out it goes.
This dangerous trend of tending to learners' interests rather than ours, their teachers', was incidentally already advocated by Jan Amos Komenský, who some 370 years ago found his second home not far from here in Poland. It was he who claimed a pupil could not learn properly unless he was at ease and enthusiastic about learning. Years later Krashen came to astoundingly similar conclusions.
Nevertheless, there are two main arguments in favor of re-introducing translation in the FLT. One is practical, it has to do with students' future needs and the other theoretical, connected with the theory of language learning.
As far as I know, no survey of students' needs, present or future, comparable to that of the Hong Kong Polytechnic, has been carried out at our faculty in the last ten years. Regrettably. For if nothing else, such an investigation could draw the students' attention to the link between what they are presently involved in and what will be required of them later. This connection is seldom obvious.
We may get a random glimpse of what students think their needs are from occasional conversations we have with them. In addition, every year at the beginning of my proficiency course, I hand out a questionnaire asking students to state what they would like to do to improve their English. Interestingly, the survey shows that some students wish to have mistakes pointed out in their written composition, while they do not wish to actually write those compositions in the first place. So much for learner determined content. And of course translation has never been in great demand.
However, most of our graduates after leaving university, one way or another, end up translating from and into English for a living. Very rarely are they translations of fascinating literature such as they worked on in the translation courses. More often they are bureaucratic, legal or economic texts, in which meaning is more important than style, keeping to the letter rather than to the spirit, in the words of Carne-Ross, it is transposition rather than translation which is requested. It seems foolish to ignore this fact and continue preparing our students for a future in academia. An overwhelming majority of our graduates work for the media, in the civil service or translate for private companies. While students might welcome dropping translation from their curriculum, it would not answer their future professional needs. We have an obligation to teach them the necessary skills.
Now to the theoretical reasons in favor of re-introducing translation into FLT. I question the theory which claims that translation is an impediment to learning foreign languages. I think we have battled with this idea long enough. Supposing we successfully silence the mother tongue in our classrooms, we still cannot drive it from the learner's mind.
The simultaneous translation is omnipresent, only we cannot hear it. By stifling it, we willfully deprive ourselves of a useful tool. Translation is the safest means of checking whether the learner has fully understood all the nuances and subtleties of the original. It brings out in the open the misunderstandings caused by negative transfer. More often than we wish to recall we stumble across examples of clumsy translations - a result of a shortage of properly trained translators in combination with the sudden influx of English. Some are amusing, some less so.
The 'Have a nice day' of American TV serials still sounds ludicrous in Czech: 'Mejte pekný den!' But it will not take long to settle in, just as the British have adopted the American structure 'This is different than this' in place of 'This is different from this'. The dreaded moment has arrived it seems, when the English will start using the expression 'Thank you for your understanding', judging by a notice I spotted on a lift out of order in a respectable London hotel. It is even more terrifying to hear a stewardess, walking up and down the aisle of the plane, beg for tea or coffee. "Tea or coffee, please!" she says, menacingly. All this could have been avoided had translation been properly taught in schools.
Thus our Department is confronted with a problem. Students need to acquire translation skills, but do not enjoy practicing them. We wish to follow Comenius's advice and at the same time prepare our students for their future profession. There is only one way: to try and win students over to translation. We have tried doing so on several levels.
a. Content. First of all we try to liven up the translation classes by choosing fascinating newspaper articles and excerpts from books of fiction. Or at least we think we do. We are often amazed by the reaction of our students to our brilliant choices. However, over the years we have built up a repertoire of texts that never fail us. Humor is important, but we find, for instance, that Adrian Mole wins hands down over Jerome K. Jerome and that Václav Klaus's speeches are no match for Josef Capek's stories for little children. I am a firm believer in learner determined content where the choice of literature for translation is concerned. A student once suggested we translate Thurber's Fables. We have been using them with great success ever since.
b. Process. We start off our seminars by asking the students to exchange the written translations they have prepared at home with their neighbor and discuss their differing solutions to particular problems of translation. They are encouraged to enter any changes in their own copy that they consider an improvement on their original version. The debate gets so involved, especially as the term progresses, that it is often difficult to interrupt it and move to other items on the agenda. We also found useful inspiration in Alan Duff's book, Translation. To make translation more palatable and at the same time more focused, he suggests highlighting only a few sentences in a text for written work and leaving the rest for sight translation.
c. Assessment. We have been striving toward getting the students involved in correcting their own mistakes. In the past the assessment consisted of the teacher getting hold of the student's copy and of a red pen and then going over the assignment, correcting the mistakes with painstaking diligence. Then the teacher would hand it back to the student, who would look at it and chuck it into the wastepaper basket with a feeling of utter discouragement.
Then one day an American colleague by the name of Richard Haas suggested a change. Instead of supplying the correct version, why not just underline the error and imply what sort of error it is on the margin. Each category of error had its code and the complete list was given to the students so that they could decipher the correction. It was not flawless, but there was a beginning of an idea. The result was much neater and one could see at a glance, by examining the margin what the main trouble areas were. The teacher would then hand it back to the student, who took a look at it and chucked it into the wastepaper basket.
Something had to be done. All this effort went into marking the paper and to no avail, we need not have bothered. So we asked the students to find the right answer and rewrite the assignment. It was very daring of us and it quickly became the least popular part of the whole process. It had the advantage of forcing the students to do what we actually wanted them to do and the drawback of putting them off the task. Students are often frustrated when they repeatedly come up with ever-new wrong answers, no matter how much they hunt around and consult their colleagues about the correct one.
To further alleviate their task we thought of experimenting with pinpointing one type of error at a time and ignoring all the rest. So one could focus on articles and prepositions and throw in spelling for good measure. Or one could concentrate on marking the use of tenses only and then build a whole grammar lesson around English tenses.
Having to look at every student's assignment twice might seem like an onerous task. However, by the time the students discussed it in pairs and we then went through it together, the final copy is near perfect and a pleasure to observe. Meanwhile we have satisfied the latest trend in FLT and responded to the urgent call for interactive teaching and autonomous learning.

References:
L. FORSTER, Translation: An Introduction, In: Aspects of Translation, Studies in Communication 2, Martin Secker and Wartbur, 1958, pp.1-28
D.S. CARNE-ROSS, Translation and Transposition, In: ARROWSMITH and R. SHATTUCK, eds. Craft and Content of Translation, A Critical Symposium, Anchor Books, New York, 1964, pp. 3-28
VICTORIA CHAN, Determining Students' Language Needs in a Tertiary Setting, In: English Teaching Forum, July 2001, pp.16-27
ALAN DUFF, Translation, OUP, 1989
S.D. KRASHEN, Principals and Practice in Second Language Acquisition, Pergamon Institute of English, New York, 1982
Note from the Editor: Mary Hawker is a member of Kruch Modernich Filologu (Czech Republic) and an acting Treasurer of CER-FIPLV. She teaches English at the Department of English, Philosophical Faculty, Charles University, Prague. This is a presentation given at 3rd CER-FIPLV Conference in Poznan.


News and Views

APFR

L'Association des Professeurs de Français de Russie (APFR) a été créée en 1989 et en 1990 elle a été affiliée à la Fédération Internationale des Professeurs de Français (FIPF). L'Association avait au départ comme vocation de regrouper les enseignants de français de tous les pays. Ensuite elle a activement participé à la fondation de la Commission des Pays d'Europe Centrale et Orientale (CECO) qui représente un des volets régionaux de la FIPF et qui réunit les associations de cette région.
Les 28-29 mars 2002 à l'Université Linguistique de Moscou l'APFR a tenu sa XIV Session nationale comprenant outre les réunions plénières et les travaux en ateliers - séminaires de langue française, un forum des associations régionales de Russie.
Des représentants de 70 villes et régions de la Fédération de Russie (d'Irkoutsk et de Nijni Novgorod, de Volgograd et de Stavropol, de Tatarstan, d'Oudmourtie, d'Yakoutie etc.) ont participé aux travaux de la Session.
De nombreux invités d'autres pays sont également venus à Moscou pour apporter leur soutien à l'APFR, parmi eux : M. Dario Pagel, Président de la FIPF, M. Jean A. Souillat, Conseiller de la FIPF et Secrétaire Général de la FIPF dans les années 80-90, Mme A-C.Berthoud, Vice-présidente du Comité des Langues Vivantes à la Commission Européenne.
Les allocations de bienvenue étaient prononcées par Mme Irina Khalééva, Recteur de l'Université Linguistique de Moscou, par M. N. Bancekine, Vice-Ministre de l'Education Nationale de la Fédération de Russie, par M. O. Vasnetsov, Directeur du Département des Relations Culturelles au Ministère des Affaires Etrangères.
Le thème de la XIV Session était : " La Francophonie aujourd'hui et la Communication interculturelle ". La discussion portait sur les problèmes de la francophonie d'aujourd'hui et ses contacts linguistiques, sur la situation linguistique et la politique linguistique dans l'espace francophone, sur la spécificité de la langue française hors de France, etc.
Y. Sukharev, Président de l'APFR
N. Portnova, Vice-Présidente de l'APFR

ASELE

Como le dije nuestro XIII Congreso de ASELE se celebrará en Murcia (España) los dís 2, 3, 4 y 5 de octubre de 2002. El tema elegido para este año es "El español, lengua del mestizaje y la interculturalidad". Estamos encantados de que venga. Me gustaría saber si puede dar la conferencia el día 3 de octubre de 12:30 a 13:30. La organización correría con todos los gastos de viaje, alojamiento y manutención durante los días del Congreso. Además usted recibiría una cantidad aproximada de 350 ?
La conferencia debería enmarcarse en la temática del Congreso, estaría bien algo relacionado con la comunicación intercultural o con la lingüística para la paz. Usted puede elegir el título que desee. En cuanto lo tenga le ruego me lo indique. La conferencia sería publicada en las Actas del Congreso.
Para cualquier consulta puede ponerse en contacto conmigo. Dándole las gracias de antemano, reciba un cordial saludo. Dr. Manuel Pérez Gutiérrez Universidad de Murcia Presidente Ejecutivo del XIII Congreso Internacional de la Asociación para la Enseñanza del Español como Lengua Extranjera (ASELE)

GAL

The 33rd Annual Congress of the Gesellschaft für Angewandte Linguistik (GAL) will take place at the University of Cologne from September 19th to September 21st, 2002. The overall topic of the conference will be Linguistic Competencies: Researching and Teaching which will be divided into six main areas:
I. Analysing and Teaching Conversational Competence.
II. Learning and Teaching Foreign Languages: The Conflict between Language, Person, Process, and Structure.
III. Development of Written Text.
IV. New Media - New Competencies?
V. Models of Orthography in the Reflection of the Acquisition of the Written Language.
VI. Language Testing: Bridging the Gap between Teaching and Research.
In addition, sections will be held in the following subjects:

1. Phonetics and Speech Training
2. Lexicon and Grammar
3. Text Linguistics and Stylistics
4. Conversational Linguistics
5. Media Communication
6. Language for Specific Purposes
7. Sociolinguistics
8. Contact Linguistics
9. Contrastive Linguistics and Intercultural Communication
10. Translation
11. Psycholinguistics
12. Speech Pathology and Therapy
13. Language Teaching
14. Learning and Teaching with New Media
15. Computer Linguistics.

Information: Prof. Dr. Michael Becker-Mrotzek & Prof. Dr. Hartmut Günther, Universität zu Köln, Sem. f. Deutsche Sprache u. ihre Didaktik, Gronewaldstraße 2, 50931 Köln (Lindenthal). Tel: 0221/470-4765 (Sekr.), Fax: 0221/470-5989. Emails: Becker.Mrotzek@uni-koeln.de ; Hartmut.Guenther@uni-koeln.de

I R A

19th World Congress on Reading is organised by the International Reading Association in Edinburgh, Scotland, July 29 - August 1, 2002. Join your colleagues in Edinburgh for dynamic sessions, symposia, workshops, reserach reports, and exciting exhibits. Featuring educators, scholars, authors, and publishers from around the world, IRA's 19th World Congress promises you unsurpassed professional development opportunities amids the panoramic beauty of Scotland.
Immediately following the World Congress, a Second Language Literacy Symposium will be held on August 2, 2002. The theme of the symposium is Building a Cross-National Research Agenda on Multiple Language Literacy.

Information: International Reading Association, 19th World Congress on Reading, 800 Barksdale Road, PO Box 8139, Newark, DE 1971-8139, USA. Tel: 8000-336-READ 302-731-1600 extension 409; Fax: 302-731-1057; Email: conferences@reading.org ; kbaughman@reading.org. Web site: http://www.ira.org/meetings/wc/index.html#multi.

SINGAPORE

9th International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP'02), 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Simulated Evolution And Learning / (SEAL'02) and International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD'02) will be organized by School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University in co-operation with: IEEE Neural Network Society, International Neural Network Society and European Neural Network Society SPIE in Singapore.
ICONIP'02, SEAL'02, and FSKD'02 will be jointly held in Orchid Country Club, Singapore from November 18 to 22, 2002. The conferences will not only feature the most up-to-date research results in natural and artificial neural systems, evolutionary computation, fuzzy systems, and knowledge discovery, but also promote cross-fertilization over these exciting and yet closely-related areas. Registration to any one of the conferences will entitle a participant to the technical sessions and the proceedings of all three conferences, as well as the conference banquet, buffet lunches, and tours to two of the major attractions in Singapore, i.e., Night Safari and Sentosa Resort Island. Many well-known researchers will present keynote speeches, panel discussions, invited lectures, and tutorials.
Topics of Interest :
ICONIP'02:
· ARTIFICIAL NEURAL MODELS - Learning algorithms, Neural modeling and architectures, Neurodynamics
· NATURAL NEURAL SYSTEMS - Neuroscience, Neurobiology, Neuro-physiology, Brain imaging, Learning and memory
· COGNITIVE SCIENCE - Perception, emotion, and cognition, Selective attention, Vision and auditory models
· HARDWARD IMPLEMENTATION - Artificial retina & cochlear chips
· HYBRID SYSTEMS - Neuro-fuzzy systems, Evolutionary neural nets, etc.
· APPLICATIONS - Bioinformatics, Finance, Manufacturing, etc.
SEAL'02:
· THEORY - Co-evolution, Coding methods, Collective behavior
· METHODOLOGY - Evolution strategies, Genetic algorithms, Genetic programming, Molecular and quantum computing, Evolvable hardware, Multi-objective optimization, Ant colony, Artificial ecology
· EVOLUTIONARY LEARNING - Artificial life, Bayesian evolutionary algorithms
· HYBRID SYSTEMS - Evolutionary neuro-fuzzy systems, Soft computing
· APPLICATIONS - Scheduling, Operations research, Design, etc.
FSKD'02:
· THEORY AND FOUNDATIONS - Fuzzy theory and models, Uncertainty management, Statistical & probabilistic data mining, Computing with words, Rough sets, Intelligent agents
· METHODS AND ALGORITHMS - Classification, Clustering, Information retrieval & fusion, Data warehousing & OLAP, Fuzzy hardware,Visualization, Decision trees, Data preprocessing
HYBRID SYSTEMS - Evolutionary neuro-fuzzy systems, Soft computing
· APPLICATIONS - Control, Optimization, Natural language processing, Forecasting, Human-computer interaction, etc.
Keynote Speakers : Shun-ichi Amari, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Japan; David Fogel, Natural Selection, Inc., USA; Mitsuo Kawato, ATR, Japan; Xin Yao, The University of Birmingham, UK; Lotfi A. Zadeh, University of California, USA.
The venue for this year's conferences is at one of Singapore's premier country clubs, a 25-minute bus ride from the city. Visit the OCC website at http://www.orchidclub.com/
Information: FSKD'02-ICONIP'02-SEAL'02 Secretariat Conference Management Center/CCE, NTUAdministration Annex Building #04-06, 42 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639815. Email: nef@ntu.edu.sg Fax: +65 6793 0997

SIPLE

Caros Associados Sipleanos,
Comunicamos que a nova Diretoria da SIPLE, eleita em novembro próximo passado por ocasião do Congresso realizado na PUC-RJ, está assim constituída:
PRESIDENTE: Profa. Dra. Maria Jandyra C. Cunha (UnB), VICE-PRESIDENTE: Profa. Ms. Itacira A. Ferreira (Unicamp), PRIMEIRA SECRETÁRIA: Profa. Dra. Maria Luiza Ortiz (UnB), SEGUNDA SECRETÁRIA: Profa. Ana Catarina Ramos Nobre de Melo (UFRJ), PRIMEIRA TESOUREIRA: Profa. Ms. Bárbara Duqueviz (UnB), SEGUNDO TESOUREIRO: Prof. Sérgio Varela (UnB) .
Queremos desde já manifestar todo nosso empenho no sentido de continuar o trabalho das gestões anteriores ampliando o número de associados e fazendo com que a SIPLE se consolide, cada vez mais, legitimando os verdadeiros anseios dos profissionais da área de PLE. Outrossim, pedimos desculpas aos colegas por não termos nos comunicado até agora, devido ao fato de ainda não termos assumido a SIPLE oficialmente. Agora, que já nos foi passada a lista de endereços dos associados, estamos podendo nos comunicar. Aguardamos a prestação de contas da gestão anterior para tomarmos posse oficialmente e procedermos a programação da nova Diretoria para o próximo triênio.
Para qualquer contato que os associados desejem manter conosco, colocamos à disposição os nossos endereços eletrônicos.
Atenciosamente, Maria Jandyra Cunha, Presidente mailto:peppfol@unb.b Itacira Ferreira, Vice-presidente itacira@obelix.unicamp.br


 

Books and Journals

Publications received

Chodkiewicz, Halina. 2000. Vocabulary Acquisition from the Written Context. Interpreting word meanings by Polish learners of English. Lublin, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University Press.
Global Issues in Language Education Newsletter. National Special Interest Group of the Japan Association of Language Teachers (JALT), Issue 45, February 2002.
Les langues modernes. Bulletin de l'Association des professeurs de langues vivantes (a.p.l.v.), nu. 4, octobre - novembre - decembre, 2001 & nu. 1, janvier - février - mars, 2002.
Le polyglotte. Supplément au bulletin de l'Association des professeurs de Langues Vivantes de l'Enseignement public. nu. 47 décembre, 2001 & nu. 48 février, 2002.
LMS Lingua. Riksföreningen fór Lärarna i Moderna Språk. Nr 5, 2001 & 1, 2, 2002.
New Routes. DISAL S.A. Distribuidores Associados de Livros, São Paulo. 16, January, 2002.
Neusprachliche Mitteilungen aus Wissenschaft und Praxis, Herausgegeben vom Fachverband Moderne Fremdsprachen im Pädagogischen Zeitschriftenverlag (FMF), Heft 4, 2001 & 1, 2002.
SAVTO Tydskrif vir Taalonderrig / SAALT Journal for Language Teaching. Vol. 35/2&3 June - September & Vol. 35/4 December, 2001.
Scripta Neophilologica Posnaniensia III. Poznan, Wydzial Neofilologii Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza.
TESOL Greece. No. 72, October - December 2001, No.73, January -March 2002.
TESOL Matters. Vol. 12 No. 2, March/April/May 2002.


21st FIPLV World Congress with SAALT

CALL FOR PAPERS


As hosting university of the XXI th conference of the World Federation for Language Teacher Organisation (FIPLV), the Rand Afrikaans University (RAU) would welcome submissions and proposals of about 250 words with regard to topical issues of language teaching. In an attempt to further the aims of FIPLV, the theme of this conference is Identity and Creativity in Language Education. In order to augment the aims of FIPLV in a direct way,
- to promote the teaching and learning of living languages in order to facilitate and improve communication, understanding, co-operation and friendly relations between all peoples of the world
- to develop, support and promote policies designed to improve the quality of language learning and make language learning available to all
- to develop the continuity and coherence of multilingual education in primary, secondary, further, higher and adult education
- to improve the professional training and development of language educators in all sectors of education
Contributions (papers and workshops) are invited from a broad range of language teaching disciples and may address one or more of the following themes:
1. Language education and identity

1.1. Language and Identity
1.2. Multilingualism
1.3. Intercultural Communication
1.4. Language Learning Styles
1.5. Indigenous South African Languages
1.6. Multiliteracies
1.7. Academic Literacies in Higher Education
1.8. Adult Language Learning / Life Long Language Learning
1.9. Critical Literacy
1.10Code Switching
1.11.Global English
1.12. Language Variety and the language classroom

2. Language Policy and Planning

2.1. Language Maintenance and Language Death
2.2. Language Across the Curriculum
2.3. Material Design
2.4. Outcomes-based Education vs Content-Based Education
2.5. Translation, Interpretation and Dubbing
3. The impact of Applied Linguistics in classroom practice

3.1. Psycholinguistics
3.2. Cognitive Linguistics
3.3. Functional Linguistics
3.4. Lexicography
3.5. Phonology/Phonetics
3.6. Morphology
3.7. Syntax
3.8. Semantics
3.9. Pragmatics
3.10. Sociolinguistics

4. Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

4.1. Information Technology and Language Education
4.2. Online Learning
4.3. Language, discourse and the Media

5. Textual Studies

5.1. Teaching Literature
5.2. Text Analysis
5.3. Writing / Text Production


6. Assessment

6.1. Language Testing
6.2. Peer feedback and self-assessment
6.3. Quality and Quality Assurance in language learning

7. Language Research
7.1. Action Research
7.2. Classroom Observation
8. Other language related topics
Ruth Brown tel/fax.: 27(11)489 2790; mailto:Anna%20Coetzee%20aec@rau.ac.za tel.: 27(11)489 2698, fax.K27(11)489 3061; Wilhelm van Rensburg wajvr@edcur.rau.ac.za tel.: 27(11)489 3208. http://general.rau.ac.za/fiplv

21st FIPLV World Congress (with SAALT)
2-6 July 2003
RAU, Auckland Park, South Africa
http://general.rau.ac.za/fiplv
http://www.fiplv.org/

FIPLV WORLD NEWS
The Latest on Language and Languages

A news service provided and edited by the Fédération Internationale des Professeurs de Langues Vivantes (FIPLV).
FIPLV contact address: PO Box 216, Belgrave, 3160, Australia.
FIPLV website address: http://www.fiplv.org/
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